The Fate of Certain Foreign Colloids and Crystalloids After Subarachnoid Injection

Howarth, F.; Cooper, E.R.A.

doi:10.1159/000141066

Cited by 33 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Only Strassmann [33] who observed hematoidin 10 days after the traumatic event in two cases, was able to date this crystallized bilirubin. Howarth and Couper [13] described its relatively fast absorbability; their finding corre-sponds to our observation that hematoidin is no longer demonstrable after a survival period of 1 year. .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Brain macrophages in human cortical contusions as indicator of survival period

Oehmichen¹,

Eisenmenger²,

Raff³

et al. 1986

Forensic Science International

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SummaryThe aim of this study was to establish a morphologie time sehe me with which cases of cerebral contusion with unknown survival periods can be dated. Our study of 275 cases was limited to qualitative and quantitative changes in macrophages. The appearance of macrophages and their distribution as weIl as their content of neutral fat, esterified chol· esterol, erythrocytes, siderin, hematoidin, and ceroid were correlated with the survival period. For each cytologic criterium, the observation period, distribution-free limits of tolerance, and relative frequency of identification in different survival periods were determined, and the limits of confidence calculated. The findings permit the dating of trauma in cases with unknown survival periods. Moreover, the probability of this dating was calculated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Brain macrophages in human cortical contusions as indicator of survival period

Oehmichen¹,

Eisenmenger²,

Raff³

et al. 1986

Forensic Science International

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“…In contrast to the long period of demonstration for siderin, hematoidin was almost never observed after a posttraumatic interval of more than 12 months. Crystallized hematoidin is usually reabsorbed relatively quickly (Howarth and Cooper, 1955). Laiho (1995) showed that hematoidin occurs just as early as siderin if the investigation is carried out on native sections or on tissue which is not embedded in paraffin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Course of Cortical Hemorrhages after Closed Traumatic Brain Injury: Statistical Analysis of Posttraumatic Histomorphological Alterations

Oehmichen

Walter

Meißner

et al. 2003

Journal of Neurotrauma

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We examined 305 autopsied brains for histomorphological alterations to determine the time course of reactions in cortical hemorrhages following traumatic closed brain injury. Eighteen morphological criteria were considered: red blood cells (RBCs), polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), macrophages (Ms), RBC-containing Ms, hemosiderin, hematoidin, lipid-containing Ms, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, collagenous fibres, gemistocytic astrocytes, fibrillary gliosis, hemosiderin-containing astrocytes, neuronal damage, neuronophagy, axonal swelling (beta-amyloid precursor protein: beta-APP), axonal bulbs (van Gieson stain), and mineralisation of neurons. The interval between the time of brain injury and death ranged from 1 min to 58 years. Following routine staining and immunohistochemical staining of microglia (CD68), astrocytes (GFAP) and injured axons (beta-APP), paraffin sections were examined by light microscopy for the presence of the selected histomorphological features. For each cytomorphological phenomenon, the time at which it could be demonstrated for the first time and for the last time (observation period) was determined. The relative frequency of each criterion was established for each observation period. The limits of confidence for the respective relative frequencies were estimated with a reliability of 95% according to Clopper and Pearson. An apparent correlation was found between the frequency of a given histomorphological phenomenon and the length of the posttraumatic interval. To check for accuracy of prediction, half of the cases (group 1; n = 153) were used to develop a multistage evaluation model; half (group 2; n = 152) were used to evaluate the validity of the data of group 1. Applying this model, 117 of the 152 control group cases (76.97%) could be correctly classified and further 26 cases (17.11%) being assigned to an interval close to the correct interval. Thus, this model allows classification of the correct posttraumatic interval or an interval close to the correct posttraumatic interval in about 95% of cases. We developed a software program that allows the estimation of survival time of TBI based on the relative frequency of the 18 morphological features. Applying this software will help to estimate the posttraumatic interval of cortical hemorrhages following TBI of unknown survival time.

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“…Furthermore, impaired CSF absorption is not a prerequisite for the ventricular dilatation although, as shown by infusion tests, such impairment undoubtedly exists in many HC cases (4,10,28). The positive results in these tests could be explained by the decreased blood perfusion in the brain in HC (21,22,30), as the capacity of the brain capillaries to absorb fluid from the extracellular spaces will be reduced and consequently also that part of the CSF circulation that takes place through the brain (7,17,26,32,38,42). It is therefore no need to explain a deficient absorption as caused by a malfunction of the Pacchionian granulations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MR Imaging of Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics in Health and Disease

Greitz¹,

Hannerz²,

Rähn³

et al. 1994

Acta Radiol

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The CSF flows in the aqueduct and at the foramen magnum were examined in 5 patients with communicating hydrocephalus (HC) and in 10 with benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) as well as in 5 healthy volunteers. As compared to normal individuals, the aqueductal flow in HC was about 10 times larger and the cervical flow was half as large. In BIH the CSF flows were not different from those of normal volunteers. The decreased arterial expansion as reflected in the reduced cervical flow in HC may be due to pathologic changes in the arteries and paravascular spaces. The large aqueductal flow in HC reflects a large brain expansion, causing increased transcerebral mantle pressure gradient and ventricular dilatation. In BIH there is a normal brain expansion (aqueductal flow) and consequently no ventricular dilatation. It is argued that BIH be caused by an obstruction on the venous side, as opposed to the vascular alterations in HC, which are on the arterial side.

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The Fate of Certain Foreign Colloids and Crystalloids After Subarachnoid Injection

Cited by 33 publications

References 2 publications

Brain macrophages in human cortical contusions as indicator of survival period

Brain macrophages in human cortical contusions as indicator of survival period

Time Course of Cortical Hemorrhages after Closed Traumatic Brain Injury: Statistical Analysis of Posttraumatic Histomorphological Alterations

MR Imaging of Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics in Health and Disease

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