The fate of airborne polycyclic organic matter.

Nielsen, Torben; Ramdahl, Thomas; Bjørseth, Alf

doi:10.1289/ehp.8347103

Cited by 86 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…The remaining mutagenic activity of both phases appears to be the result of more polar, complex PAH derivatives that have not as yet been characterized (149,150,179). Heterogeneous reactions of gases with particle-bound PAHs are also important but are beyond the scope of this article [see (16,146,(180)(181)(182)(183)(184) and references therein].…”

Section: Respirable Mutagens Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric Air Pollution: Ozone, Airborne Toxics, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, and Particles

Finlayson-Pitts

Pitts

1997

Science

1,023

606

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Tropospheric air pollution has impacts on scales ranging from local to global. Reactive intermediates in the oxidation of mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) play central roles: the hydroxyl radical (OH), during the day; the nitrate radical (NO3), at night; and ozone (O3), which contributes during the day and night. Halogen atoms can also play a role during the day. Here the implications of the complex VOC-NOx chemistry for O3 control are discussed. In addition, OH, NO3, and O3 are shown to play a central role in the formation and fate of airborne toxic chemicals, mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and fine particles.

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Section: Respirable Mutagens Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric Air Pollution: Ozone, Airborne Toxics, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, and Particles

Finlayson-Pitts

Pitts

1997

Science

1,023

606

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“…While the reaction mechanisms are not known, the reaction rates of different PAH appear to follow at least roughly theoretical expectations (13,54). The reactions are catalyzed by nitric acid and vary with exposure to actinic light.…”

Section: Chemical Transformationsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Reactions with free radicals known to be present in the atmosphere, especially the hydroxyl radical, must also be considered although only few data are avilable regarding such reactions (54).…”

Section: Chemical Transformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consensus Report: Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity of Car Exhausts and Coal Combustion Emissions

Holmberg¹,

Ahlborg²

1983

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…[See instead the earlier review/ assessment (74) and the comprehensive treatment delivered at this Symposium (78).] [See instead the earlier review/ assessment (74) and the comprehensive treatment delivered at this Symposium (78).]…”

Section: Chemical Mutagens In Combustion-related Pommentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and Fate of Gaseous and Particulate Mutagens and Carcinogens in Real and Simulated Atmospheres

Pitts¹

1983

Environmental Health Perspectives

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and Brogan & Partners are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Environmental Health Perspectives.The growing use of coal for heating and electric power generation and diesel engines in light duty motor vehicles will increase not only the existing atmospheric concentrations of criteria pollutants such as NO2, SO2, 03 and fine particulates, but also the concentrations of a number of highly reactive gaseous copollutants such as HONO, HONO2, PAN and the nitrate radical, NO3. These gaseous noncriteria pollutants are of interest not only because of their roles in the chemistry of the "clean" and polluted troposphere, including "acid rain," but also because they may pose health risks disproportionate to their relatively low ambient concentrations, and through complex heterogeneous reactions, they may serve as precursors or catalysts in the formation of "nonclassical" particulate mutagens and carcinogens such as certain nitroarenes associated with combustion generated particulate polycyclic organic matter (POM). Results of research efforts to establish current ambient levels of these noncriteria pollutants and to develop an understanding of their sources, formation and sinks are reported here. First, long pathlength (? 1 km) infrared and UV-visible spectroscopic studies of ambient levels of gaseous HONO, NO3, HONO2, PAN, HCHO and HCOOH in southern California atmospheres are described, and data given on their ambient concentrations. Second, an integrated chemical/microbiological investigation is described. It is directed toward identifying the nature of direct-acting mutagens found in extracts of diesel and ambient POM, as well as those formed upon exposure of environmentally relevant PAH to simulated natural and polluted atmospheres. The identification of certain of these mutagens, including a newly identified class of mutagenic PAH-lactones is discussed, along with the mechanisms of their formation and fate in the natural and polluted troposphere. organic matter (POM) believed responsible for its carcinogenicity in animals (4,5). Additionally, some attention would have been given to the fact that the activity [as well as the rates of transformation in cell cultures (6)] was significantly greater than could be accounted for by the amounts of wellknown carcinogenic PAH, such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), determined to be in the POM extracts (2,5,7-15). This "excess carcinogenicity" implied that carcinogenic compounds, as yet uncharacterized, must also be present.Today, yet another dimension has been added to the problem. Around 1975, with the development of the short-term Ames Salmonella typhimurium ...

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The fate of airborne polycyclic organic matter.

Cited by 86 publications

References 109 publications

Tropospheric Air Pollution: Ozone, Airborne Toxics, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, and Particles

Tropospheric Air Pollution: Ozone, Airborne Toxics, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, and Particles

Consensus Report: Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity of Car Exhausts and Coal Combustion Emissions

Formation and Fate of Gaseous and Particulate Mutagens and Carcinogens in Real and Simulated Atmospheres

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