The fate of 15NH4 + labeled deposition in a Scots pine forest in the Netherlands under high and lowered NH4 + deposition, 8 years after application

Wessel, Wim W.; Tietema, Albert; Boxman, A.W.

doi:10.1007/s10533-012-9775-3

Cited by 16 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It has been argued that the tracer recovery in soil indicates only temporarily immobilized N, and it could be lost from the soil over time (Zak et al ., ; Wessel et al ., ). The fact that the tracer 15 N signal in soil solution decreased rapidly after the end of the tracer addition (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It is important to follow the retention pattern of the labeled 1‐year cohort of N input over several years. Such data are useful to understand the long‐term fate of N and to compare it with results from similar studies in temperate forests where soil remained the dominant sink for the added N 7 years after the labeling (Nadelhoffer et al ., ; Wessel et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High retention of ¹⁵N‐labeled nitrogen deposition in a nitrogen saturated old‐growth tropical forest

Gurmesa

Gundersen

et al. 2016

Global Change Biology

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The effects of increased reactive nitrogen (N) deposition in forests depend largely on its fate in the ecosystems. However, our knowledge on the fates of deposited N in tropical forest ecosystems and its retention mechanisms is limited. Here, we report the results from the first whole ecosystem N labeling experiment performed in a N-rich old-growth tropical forest in southern China. We added N tracer monthly as NH NO for 1 year to control plots and to N-fertilized plots (N-plots, receiving additions of 50 kg N ha yr for 10 years). Tracer recoveries in major ecosystem compartments were quantified 4 months after the last addition. Tracer recoveries in soil solution were monitored monthly to quantify leaching losses. Total tracer recovery in plant and soil (N retention) in the control plots was 72% and similar to those observed in temperate forests. The retention decreased to 52% in the N-plots. Soil was the dominant sink, retaining 37% and 28% of the labeled N input in the control and N-plots, respectively. Leaching below 20 cm was 50 kg N ha yr in the control plots and was close to the N input (51 kg N ha yr ), indicating N saturation of the top soil. Nitrogen addition increased N leaching to 73 kg N ha yr . However, of these only 7 and 23 kg N ha yr in the control and N-plots, respectively, originated from the labeled N input. Our findings indicate that deposited N, like in temperate forests, is largely incorporated into plant and soil pools in the short term, although the forest is N-saturated, but high cycling rates may later release the N for leaching and/or gaseous loss. Thus, N cycling rates rather than short-term N retention represent the main difference between temperate forests and the studied tropical forest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High retention of ¹⁵N‐labeled nitrogen deposition in a nitrogen saturated old‐growth tropical forest

Gurmesa

Gundersen

et al. 2016

Global Change Biology

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“…Additional long‐term re‐measurements of the fate of the tracer 15 N in this ecosystem, ideally combined with a model of 15 N redistribution (e.g., Currie et al ., ; Wessel et al ., ) could help identify the decadal‐scale potential for this N to become available to plants or be lost from the system. Nitrogen availability greatly limits the capacity of plants to remove CO 2 from the atmosphere both now and in future simulations of the Earth system (e.g., Bonan, ; Zaehle et al ., ), such that the potential and constraints for N deposition to release this limitation must be understood at both short and long timescales, and for a range of forest types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over this timescale, these tracer studies demonstrate that litter and surface soils typically retain substantially more 15 N than do trees, especially in forests receiving low rates of external N inputs from fertilizer or N deposition. Only a few studies have examined the fate of added 15 N in unfertilized forests over longer timescales, and all but one of these studies were conducted in near-monospecific evergreen conifer stands Krause et al, 2012;Wessel et al, 2013). Over multiyear timescales, soil retention of tracer 15 N could remain constant, indicating an enduring, if poorly understood, sink for atmospheric N deposition in relatively stable soil N pools (Aber et al, 1998; Correspondence: Christine L. Goodale,tel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiyear fate of a¹⁵N tracer in a mixed deciduous forest: retention, redistribution, and differences by mycorrhizal association

Goodale

2016

Global Change Biology

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The impact of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on forest ecosystems depends in large part on its fate. Past tracer studies show that litter and soils dominate the short-term fate of added N, yet few have examined its longer term dynamics or differences among forest types. This study examined the fate of a N-NO3- tracer over 5-6 years in a mixed deciduous stand that was evenly composed of trees with ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. The tracer was expected to slowly mineralize from its main initial fate in litter and surface soil, with some N moving to trees, some to deeper soil, and some net losses. Recovery of added N in trees and litterfall totaled 11.3% both 1 and 5-6 years after the tracer addition, as N redistributed from fine and especially coarse roots into cumulative litterfall and small accumulations in woody tissues. Estimates of potential carbon sequestration from tree N recovery amounted to 12-14 kg C per kg of N deposition. Tree N acquisition occurred within the first year after the tracer addition, with no subsequent additional net transfer of N from detrital to plant pools. In both years, ectomycorrhizal trees gained 50% more of the tracer than did trees with arbuscular mycorrhizae. Much of the N recovered in wood occurred in tree rings formed prior to the N addition, demonstrating the mobility of N in wood. Tracer recovery rapidly decreased over time in surface litter material and accumulated in both shallow and deep soil, perhaps through mixing by earthworms. Overall, results showed redistribution of tracer N through trees and surface soils without any losses, as whole-ecosystem recovery remained constant between 1 and 5-6 years at 70% of the N addition. These results demonstrate the persistent ecosystem retention of N deposition even as it redistributes, without additional plant uptake over this timescale.

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“…, Wessel et al. , Goodale ). Following the fates of a 15 N‐labeled cohort of input N in forests over several years is important to understand the time scale over which N retention dynamics operate in forest ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of atmospherically deposited NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ in two temperate forests in China: temporal pattern and redistribution

Gurmesa

Zhu

et al. 2019

Ecological Applications

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The impacts of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition on forest ecosystems depend in large part on its fate. However, our understanding of the fates of different forms of deposited N as well as the redistribution over time within different ecosystems is limited. In this study, we used the 15N‐tracer method to investigate both the short‐term (1 week to 3 months) and long‐term (1–3 yr) fates of deposited NH4+ or NO3− by following the recovery of the 15N in different ecosystem compartments in a larch plantation forest and a mixed forest located in northeastern China. The results showed similar total ecosystem retention for deposited NH4+ and NO3−, but their distribution within the ecosystems (plants vs. soil) differed distinctly particularly in the short‐term, with higher 15NO3− recoveries in plants (while lower recoveries in organic layer) than found for 15NH4+. The different short‐term fate was likely related to the higher mobility of 15NO3− than 15NH4+ in soils instead of plant uptake preferences for NO3− over NH4+. In the long‐term, differences between N forms became less prevalent but higher recoveries in trees (particularly in the larch forest) of 15NO3− than 15NH4+ tracer persisted, suggesting that incoming NO3− may contribute more to plant biomass increment and forest carbon sequestration than incoming NH4+. Differences between the two forests in recoveries were largely driven by a higher 15N recovery in the organic layer (both N forms) and in trees (for 15NO3−) in the larch forest compared to the mixed forest. This was due to a more abundant organic layer and possibly higher tree N demand in the larch forest than in the mixed forest. Leachate 15N loss was minor (<1% of the added 15N) for both N forms and in both forests. Total 15N recovery averaged 78% in the short‐term and decreased to 55% in the long‐term but with increasing amount of 15N label (re)‐redistributed into slow turn‐over pools (e.g., trees and mineral soil). The different retention dynamics of deposited NH4+ and NO3− may have implications in environmental policy related to the anthropogenic emissions of the two N forms.

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The fate of 15NH4 + labeled deposition in a Scots pine forest in the Netherlands under high and lowered NH4 + deposition, 8 years after application

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

High retention of ¹⁵N‐labeled nitrogen deposition in a nitrogen saturated old‐growth tropical forest

High retention of ¹⁵N‐labeled nitrogen deposition in a nitrogen saturated old‐growth tropical forest

Multiyear fate of a¹⁵N tracer in a mixed deciduous forest: retention, redistribution, and differences by mycorrhizal association

Fate of atmospherically deposited NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ in two temperate forests in China: temporal pattern and redistribution

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The fate of 15NH4 + labeled deposition in a Scots pine forest in the Netherlands under high and lowered NH4 + deposition, 8 years after application

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

High retention of 15N‐labeled nitrogen deposition in a nitrogen saturated old‐growth tropical forest

High retention of 15N‐labeled nitrogen deposition in a nitrogen saturated old‐growth tropical forest

Multiyear fate of a15N tracer in a mixed deciduous forest: retention, redistribution, and differences by mycorrhizal association

Fate of atmospherically deposited NH4+ and NO3− in two temperate forests in China: temporal pattern and redistribution

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High retention of ¹⁵N‐labeled nitrogen deposition in a nitrogen saturated old‐growth tropical forest

High retention of ¹⁵N‐labeled nitrogen deposition in a nitrogen saturated old‐growth tropical forest

Multiyear fate of a¹⁵N tracer in a mixed deciduous forest: retention, redistribution, and differences by mycorrhizal association

Fate of atmospherically deposited NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ in two temperate forests in China: temporal pattern and redistribution