The Farsi version of the Hypomania Check-List 32 (HCL-32): Applicability and indication of a four-factorial solution

Abstract

BackgroundData from the Iranian population for hypomania core symptom clusters are lacking. The aim of the present study was therefore to apply the Farsi version of the Hypomania-Check-List 32 (HCL-32), and to explore its factorial structure.MethodsA total of 163 Iranian out-patients took part in the study; 61 suffered from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and 102 suffered from Bipolar Disorders (BP). Participants completed the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and the Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32). Exploratory factor analyses were used to examine the properties of the HCL-32. A ROC-curve analysis was performed to calculate sensitivity and specificity.ResultsThe HCL-32 differentiated between patients with MDD and with BP. Psychometric properties were satisfactory: sensitivity: 73%; specificity: 91%. MDQ and HCL-32 did correlate highly. No differences were found between patients suffering from BP I and BP II.DiscussionInstead of the two-factorial structure of the HCL-32 reported previously, the present pattern of factorial results suggest a distinction between four factors: two broadly positive dimensions of hypomania ("physically and mentally active"; "positive social interactions") and two rather negative dimensions ("risky behavior and substance use"; "difficulties in social interaction and impatience").ConclusionThe Farsi version of the HCL-32 proved to be applicable, and therefore easy to introduce within a clinical context. The pattern of results suggests a four factorial solution.

Bipolar II disorder in patients with a current diagnosis of recurrent depression

“…The HCL‐32 was developed for screening hypomanic symptoms , and the scale itself has shown high reliability in various countries . In our study the HCL‐32 was applied for the first time as an interview.…”

Validity and test–retest reliability of the Persian version of the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale

“…First, the MADRS 6 was translated from English into Farsi; we rigorously followed the procedure proposed by Brislin; 8 that is to say, the English items were translated into Farsi, and then back-translated into English by an independent translator. Consensus was reached on a final version that was subjected to the translation–retranslation process.…”

“…Consensus was reached on a final version that was subjected to the translation–retranslation process. 8 Thereafter, clinical psychologists and psychiatrists not otherwise involved in the data analysis conducted the clinical interview based on this final version of the MADRS. As described in the “Introduction” section, the MADRS consists of the following ten items: 1) apparent sadness; 2) reported sadness; 3) inner tension; 4) reduced sleep; 5) reduced appetite; 6) concentration difficulties; 7) lassitude; 8) inability to feel; 9) pessimistic thoughts; and 10) suicidal thoughts.…”

Discriminative Hypomania Checklist-32 Factors in Unipolar and Bipolar Major Depressive Patients

“…However, according to the scree test, a 2-factor solution was preferred. The two-factor solution explains a smaller proportion of variance than the four-factor solution, the one adopted by the Farsi version of the HCL-32 [34]; nonetheless it was preferred because it was simpler, more consistent with clinical experience and had previous reports. Obviously, this procedure was prone to ‘a researcher-controlled bias’.…”