The familyHerpesviridae: an update

Roizmann, B.; Desrosiers, Ronald C.; Fleckenstein, B; López, Carlos; Minson, A. C.; Studdert, M. J.

doi:10.1007/bf01317276

Cited by 486 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…EBV is the prototype of γ-1 virus and the simian herpesvirus saimini is the prototype of γ-2 herpesvirus [37]. KSHV is classified as a γ-2 rhadinovirus and is the first human virus of this subfamily identified.…”

Section: Human Herpesvirus and Ksmentioning

confidence: 99%

AIDS and associated malignancies

Wood

Harrington

2005

Cell Res

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AIDS associated malignancies (ARL) is a major complication associated with AIDS patients upon immunosuppression. Chronically immunocompromised patients have a markedly increased risk of developing lymphoproliferative disease. In the era of potent antiretrovirals therapy (ARV), the malignant complications due to HIV-1 infection have decreased in developed nations where ARV is administered, but still poses a major problem in developing countries where HIV-1 incidence is high and ARV is still not yet widely available. Even in ARV treated individuals there is a concern that the prolonged survival of many HIV-1 carriers is likely to eventually result in an increased number of malignancies diagnosed. Malignancies that were found to have high incidence in HIV-infected individuals are Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The incidence of NHL has increased nearly 200 fold in HIV-positive patients, and accounts for a greater percentage of AIDS defining illness in the US and Europe since the advent of HAART therapy. These AIDS related lymphomas are distinct from their counterparts seen in HIV-1 seronegative patients. For example nearly half of all cases of ARL are associated with the presence of a gamma herpesvirus, Epstein Barr virus (EBV) or human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8)/ Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV). The pathogenesis of ARLs is complex. B-cell proliferation driven by chronic antigenemia resulting in the induction of polyclonal and ultimately monoclonal lymphoproliferation may occur in the setting of severe immunosuppression.

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Section: Human Herpesvirus and Ksmentioning

confidence: 99%

AIDS and associated malignancies

Wood

Harrington

2005

Cell Res

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“…O vírus pertence à subfamília Alphaherpesvirinae e gênero Simplexvirus e é estreitamente relacionado com o vírus do herpes simplex humano (HSV-1 e HSV-2) e outros herpesvírus de primatas (Roizman et al 1992, Ehlers et al 1999. A ocorrência do vírus foi demonstrada em vários países, incluindo Quênia (Martin & Gwynne 1968), Reino Unido (Johnston et al 1971), Estados Unidos da América (Dardiri & Stone 1972), Austrália (Turner et al 1974), Brasil (Alice 1977) e Japão (Imai et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Caracterização clinicopatológica da mamilite aguda em ovelhas lactantes infectadas experimentalmente com o herpesvírus bovino 2

et al. 2008

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RESUMO.-A mamilite causada pelo herpesvírus bovino tipo 2 (BoHV-2) possui importante repercussão sanitária em gado leiteiro de alguns países, mas a sua patogenia permanece pouco conhecida. Este trabalho descreve a reprodução e caracterização da mamilite aguda em ovelhas lactantes inoculadas com o BoHV-2 na pele do úbe-re e dos tetos. is an important disease in dairy herds yet its pathogenesis remains largely unknown. This report describes the reproduction and characterization of acute mammillitis in lactating ewes inoculated with BoHV-2 in the skin of the udder and teats. Five out of eight inoculated ewes developed large plaques, with focal necrosis, small vesicles and crust formation in the inoculated areas. The lesions were first observed on day 4 post-inoculation (pi), progressed in size and severity up to days 7-8pi and subsided progressively thereafter. Infectious virus was isolated from the lesions at days 7 and 8pi. Viral antigens and herpesvirus-like particles were demonstrated by electron microscopy in lesions examined at days 5, 6 and 10pi. Histological findings included epithelial necrosis, erosions and ulcers, and formation of syncytial cells. Intranuclear inclusions bodies in epithelial, syncytial and inflammatory cells and lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis were also observed. In a second experiment, seven out of ten lambs inoculated into the nostrils and muzzle developed nasal hyperemia and discharge, vesicles, and erosions in the nose. Infectious virus was isolated from lesions during up to three days and all lambs seroconverted to BoHV-2. Attempts to reactivate the latent infection by dexamethasone administration on day 40pi failed, since virus shedding, clinical recrudescence or seroconversion were not observed. The reproduction of acute infection and mammillitis resembling that occurring in cattle paves the way for the use of sheep to study several aspects of the biology of BoHV-2 infection.

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“…Conserved EBV genes have not been analysed to determine whether this intergenic sequence variation of 4% occurs throughout the genome. There are two groups of EBV strain variants called types 1 and 2, more recently designated variants A and B (Sample et al, 1990;Roizman et al, 1992). In contrast, HCMV strains have been identified by analysis of conserved genes gB and gH.…”

Section: Relationships Between Hhv-6 Strain Variants and With Other Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 and 6). Among the most closely related distinct herpesvirus species are the alphaherpesviruses equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 (EHV-1 and EHV-4) and HHV-1 and -2 (or HSV-1 and HSV-2) (Roizman et al, 1992). HHV-1 and HHV-2 are 16 to 33 % variant in sequences examined across their genomes (McGeoch et al, 1987).…”

Section: Relationships Between Hhv-6 Strain Variants and With Other Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two groups of human herpesvirus 6 identified by sequence analyses of laboratory strains and variants from Hodgkin's lymphoma and bone marrow transplant patients

Gompels

Carrigan

Carss

et al. 1993

Journal of General Virology

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Fifteen human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) strain variants were analysed by PCR amplifications, restriction enzyme site polymorphism and sequence analyses. Three DNA regions were chosen for study: a fragment of a variable glycoprotein gene (210 bp), the conserved glycoprotein H (gH) gene complete with intergenic sequences (2381 bp) and the 5' intergenic region with the Nterminal coding sequence of gH up to a polymorphic BamHI site (427 bp). Infected cell DNA from five laboratory reference strains including GS, Ul102, AJ, Z29 and KF were examined together with DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes infected with HHV-6 reactivated from blood and/or marrow from five bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients. Separate blood and marrow isolates were obtained from four BMT patients. In addition, HHV-6 sequences were examined directly from one of six Hodgkin's lymphomas and six B cell proliferations which contained HHV-6 DNA as detected by PCR amplification. The results show two groups of very closely related but heterogeneous strains which correlate with previous groupings by antigenic and restriction site differences. These are variant A strains (including laboratory strains GS, Ul102 and AJ) and variant B strains (including laboratory strains Z29 and KF, the Hodgkin's lymphoma strain, and the nine BMT patient isolates). Variations between the groups were 4 to 6 % in nucleotide sequence and 5 to 8.5 % in amino acid sequence. Within each group maximum heterogeneity was observed in different genes. Variant A strains differed by 2-0% in the variable glycoprotein gene sequence whereas variant B strains were identical in this region; conversely, variant B strains differed by 2 to 3 % in the gH N-terminal and intergenic sequences whereas variant A strains differed there by less than 0'2%. There was evidence for sequence drift independent of selection: relationships between the groups were shown by analyses of amino acid sequence, coding nucleotide sequence as well as intergenic sequence, and the B variant-specific BamHI site in the gH gene was due to a non-coding nucleotide substitution. There was little evidence for in vivo or in vitro variation: the gH nucleotide sequence from the uncultured lymphoma strain (first variant B gH gene identified) was almost identical to the gH sequence from four BMT isolates, and matched BMT isolates from blood and marrow were identical or with a single nucleotide substitution. The overall variation observed between the HHV-6 strain groups was similar or less than that seen between human cytomegalovirus strains such as AD169 or Towne, but deafly distinct from the much greater divergence between currently designated herpesvirus species.

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The familyHerpesviridae: an update

Cited by 486 publications

References 182 publications

AIDS and associated malignancies

AIDS and associated malignancies

Caracterização clinicopatológica da mamilite aguda em ovelhas lactantes infectadas experimentalmente com o herpesvírus bovino 2

Two groups of human herpesvirus 6 identified by sequence analyses of laboratory strains and variants from Hodgkin's lymphoma and bone marrow transplant patients

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