The family environment and American adolescents’ risk of obesity as young adults

Crossman, Ashley Fenzl; Sullivan, Deborah A.; Benin, Mary

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.05.027

Cited by 109 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Higher parental education, parental nurturing, and higher self-esteem reduce obesity risk in girls (22). There is an abundance of evidence that the home food environment (23)(24)(25), shared family meals (26,27), and electronic media use influence children's obesity (28) largely through behavioral pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mothers primarily establish the home food environment and are role models for eating behaviors (29) with evidence of strong correlation between the eating patterns of mothers and children (25,29). Appetite control and food preferences are established early in life (30), and there is a high correlation between parental obesity and their children's obesity (20,22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological, environmental, and social influences on childhood obesity

2015

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The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased globally over the past three decades, with evidence of recent leveling off in developed countries. Reduction in the, currently high, prevalence of obesity will require a full understanding of the biological and social pathways to obesity in order to develop appropriately targeted prevention strategies in early life. Determinants of childhood obesity include individual level factors, including biological, social, and behavioral risks, acting within the influence of the child's family environment, which is, in turn, imbedded in the context of the community environment. These influences act across childhood, with suggestions of early critical periods of biological and behavioral plasticity. There is evidence of sex and gender differences in the responses of boys and girls to their environments. The evidence that determinants of childhood obesity act at many levels and at different stages of childhood is of policy relevance to those planning early health promotion and primary prevention programs as it suggests the need to address the individual, the family, the physical environment, the social environment, and social policy. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize current, and emerging, literature in a multilevel, life course framework. INTRODUCTIONThe prevalence of childhood obesity has increased globally over the past three decades, with more rapid increases recently occurring in low-income countries (1). In the United States, more than 30% of children are now overweight or obese (1), with evidence that the prevalence has leveled off (2). Children and adolescents are exhibiting obesity-related conditions such as type 2 diabetes, elevated blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and higher fasting insulin levels (3-6). In addition, childhood obesity predicts adulthood obesity and its known health consequences (7,8). Treatment of obesity is notoriously difficult, with weight loss rarely sustained in adults (9). Therapeutic interventions in childhood are somewhat more successful, particularly if the intervention occurs prior to onset of puberty (10). However, real and sustained progress in combating the obesity epidemic will require a full understanding of the biological and social pathways to obesity in order to develop appropriately targeted prevention strategies in early life.Pathways to childhood obesity are complex. It is therefore helpful to discuss determinants of obesity within a conceptual framework. A multilevel conceptual model, Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Systems Theory (11), has previously been applied to the conceptualization of childhood obesity by Davison and Birch (12). This framework depicts individual-level factors, including biological, social, and behavioral risks, as acting within the influence of the child's family environment, which is, in turn imbedded in the context of the community environment. It is also helpful to consider critical periods for obesity risk and, as will be further illustrated in a later section,...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological, environmental, and social influences on childhood obesity

2015

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“…25 Obesogenic environment at home, defined as an environment that promotes excessive food intake and discourages physical activity, 26,27 has also been linked to adolescent weight status. 28,29 Adolescents who live in families that permit or model behaviors associated with excessive weight (for example, poor diet, physical inactivity, considerable television viewing) are at increased risk for overweight and obesity in young adulthood. 29 However, little is known about how social contexts (for example, school) influence youth's misperception of weight status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28,29 Adolescents who live in families that permit or model behaviors associated with excessive weight (for example, poor diet, physical inactivity, considerable television viewing) are at increased risk for overweight and obesity in young adulthood. 29 However, little is known about how social contexts (for example, school) influence youth's misperception of weight status. No research to date has examined whether exposure to overweight/obese people among those at home and in school is associated with greater misperception of weight status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do you see what I see? Weight status misperception and exposure to obesity among children and adolescents

et al. 2008

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Objective: Obesity prevention in childhood is important. However, changing children's lifestyle behaviors to reduce overweight is a substantial challenge. Accurately perceiving oneself as overweight/obese has been linked to greater motivation to change lifestyle behaviors. Children and adolescents may be less likely to perceive themselves as overweight/obese if they are exposed to overweight/obese people in their immediate environments. This study examined whether youth who are exposed to overweight parents and schoolmates were more likely to misperceive their own weight status. Design: The Quebec Child and Adolescent Health and Social Survey was a provincially representative, school-based survey of children and adolescents conducted between January and May 1999. Subjects: 3665 children and adolescents (age 9, n ¼ 1267; age 13, n ¼ 1186; age 16, n ¼ 1212) from 178 schools. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 17.5, 20.6 and 22.2 kg/m 2 , respectively. Measurements: The misperception score was calculated as the standardized difference between self-perception of weight status (Stunkard Body Rating Scale) and actual BMI (from measured height and weight). Exposure to obesity was based on parent and schoolmate BMI. Results: Overweight and obese youth were significantly more likely to misperceive their weight compared with non-overweight youth (Po0.001). Multilevel modeling indicated that greater parent and schoolmate BMI were significantly associated with greater misperception (underestimation) of weight status among children and adolescents. Conclusion: Children and adolescents who live in environments in which people they see on a daily basis, such as parents and schoolmates, are overweight/obese may develop inaccurate perceptions of what constitutes appropriate weight status. Targeting misperception may facilitate the adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors and improve the effectiveness of obesity prevention interventions.

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“…Children and adolescents who skip breakfast are at increased risk for skipping other meals, snacking, being less physically active and being overweight and obese (Rampersaud et al, 2005;Utter et al, 2007). Known adolescent risk factors for skipping breakfast include being female, dissatisfaction with one's body, aging, and a low socioeconomic status (Videon and Manning, 2003;Rampersaud et al, 2005;Crossman et al, 2006;Larson et al, 2007). The current body of research related to adolescent breakfast consumption provides necessary information about identifying specific risk groups to target in interventions, yet little is known about the important and changeable determinants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and cognitive correlates of adolescent breakfast consumption

DeJong

Lenthe

Horst

et al. 2009

Preventive Medicine

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Objective. This study aimed to identify cognitive and environmental correlates of daily adolescent breakfast consumption.Methods. Adolescents (n = 1089) aged 12-15 years in schools in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, completed a questionnaire measuring daily breakfast consumption, individual cognitions, and home environmental factors during the 2005-2006 school year. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between the environmental variables, cognitions and everyday breakfast consumption. Additionally, mediation of the effect of the environmental variables through the individual cognitions on breakfast consumption was explored.Results. Attitude, perceived behavioral control, modeling by friends and parents, and intention were associated with daily breakfast consumption. Political (breakfast rules), physical (available breakfast products), and socio-cultural (having breakfast with a parent, having the evening meal with a parent, eating the evening meal in front of the TV) environments were also associated with daily breakfast consumption. Associations of the environmental factors were partly mediated by the individual cognitions.Conclusions. Individual cognitions and a supportive home environment are associated with adolescent breakfast consumption. Since parents primarily shape the home environment, interventions aimed at improving adolescent breakfast consumption should target the parent as well as the adolescent.

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The family environment and American adolescents’ risk of obesity as young adults

Cited by 109 publications

References 35 publications

Biological, environmental, and social influences on childhood obesity

Biological, environmental, and social influences on childhood obesity

Do you see what I see? Weight status misperception and exposure to obesity among children and adolescents

Environmental and cognitive correlates of adolescent breakfast consumption

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