The Fall of a Dogma? Unexpected High T-Cell Memory Response toStaphylococcus aureusin Humans

Abstract

The large number of S. aureus antigen-reactive memory T-lymphocytes is likely to influence the course of S. aureus infection. To enable rational vaccine design, the naturally acquired human T-cell memory needs to be explored at high priority.

Clonally expanded γδ T cells protect against Staphylococcus aureus skin reinfection

“…The immune mechanisms that mediate long-lasting protection to S. aureus skin infections have remained elusive, especially since recurrences are common despite the generation of high titers of specific antibodies and memory αβ T cells (3,4). In the present study, we utilized S. aureus-susceptible IL-1β -/-mice with impaired neutrophil recruitment and IL-17 responses to elucidate host defense mechanisms that provide durable protection against an S. aureus skin reinfection.…”

“…Furthermore, the protective response was unique to LN cells from previously infected IL-1β -/-mice, since the transfer of LN cells from naive IL-1β -/-mice to naive IL-1β -/-mice had no effect (Supplemental Figure 3). Since Th17 cells and Th1 cells have been implicated in host defense against S. aureus skin infections in humans (4,(10)(11)(12)(25)(26)(27) and mice (15)(16)(17)(18), a role for CD4 + T cells was evaluated using anti-CD4 antibody depletion. Treatment successfully depleted CD4 + T cells from the blood and LNs (91% and 97%, respectively) while not significantly affecting the numbers of CD8 + T cells (Supplemental Figure 4).…”

“…The precise immune responses that protect against S. aureus skin infections are unclear, as nearly half of individuals with an S. aureus skin infection suffer a recurrence (2), despite the generation of high titers of specific antibodies and memory CD4 + T cells (3,4). Moreover, all prior S. aureus vaccines in humans that targeted antibody-mediated phagocytosis have lacked efficacy or resulted in increased mortality (5).…”

Innate Immune Memory Contributes to Host Defense against Recurrent Skin and Skin Structure Infections Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

“…Furthermore, the lack of efficacy of vaccines targeting the humoral response suggests that antibody may not be sufficient for protection against recurrent MRSA SSSI (reviewed in reference 46). Moreover, approximately 5.7% of circulating memory T cells in both carriers and noncarriers are reactive to S. aureus, suggesting that these cells are not sufficient to mediate immune protection against MRSA infection by themselves (47). Taken together, these data suggest that classical adaptive immunity alone is insufficient for optimal host defense against recurrent MRSA infections.…”

Розвиток Імунної Відповіді При Стафілококовій Пневмонії (Частина 8)

“…Julia B. Kolata и соавт. [32] [9]. Цитокин IFN-γ активирует деятельность НАДФ-оксидазы, что способствует усилению АКМ-зависимого кил-линга бактерий, расположенных внутри фагосомы макрофагов и нейтрофилов.…”