The failure of clinical psychology graduate students to apply understood ethical principles.

Bernard, J. L.; Jara, Carmen S.

doi:10.1037/0735-7028.17.4.313

Cited by 54 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…No association was found between preparedness to address unethical conduct by a colleague and degree level or years of work experience. Previous studies reported that graduate students and practitioners have difficulty confronting unethical conduct by their peers (e.g., Bernard & Jara, 1986; Betan & Staton, 1999; Tryon, 2000). Multilevel university training in ethics, however, appears to help practitioners feel better prepared to tackle this difficult task, perhaps by providing more opportunities to discuss or role‐play how to handle such a scenario (see Koocher & Keith‐Spiegel, 2008, pp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethically challenging situations reported by school psychologists: Implications for training

Dailor

Jacob

2011

Psychology in the Schools

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Practitioner-members of the National Association of School Psychologists (N = 208) completed questionnaires regarding their ethics training, preparedness, the types of ethical transgressions and dilemmas encountered in the previous year, and the strategies used to solve problems. Respondents who received multilevel training in ethics (ethics coursework, ethics instruction in multiple classes, ethics addressed in practicum/internship) perceived themselves to be better prepared to tackle difficult challenges and were more likely to use a systematic problem-solving strategy when faced with an ethical dilemma than respondents who did not receive multilevel training. Assessmentrelated ethical transgressions and failure to follow up on interventions were the two most commonly witnessed types of ethics code violations; troublesome dilemmas included whether to suspect child abuse, whether to tell parents about their child's risky behavior, and how to handle administrative pressure to engage in unethical actions. Implications for ethics training are discussed. C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.School psychology practitioners are likely to encounter two types of ethically challenging situations: ethical dilemmas and transgressions. Dilemmas occur when "there are good but contradictory ethical reasons to take conflicting and incompatible courses of action" (Knauss, 2001, p. 231; also Beauchamp & Childress, 2001). Some ethical dilemmas are quickly and easily resolved; others are troubling and time-consuming (Sinclair, 1998). Ethical transgressions or violations are those acts that go against professional expectations for ethical conduct and violate enforceable ethics codes. Ethical transgressions can result in harm to students or other clients and create a problematic situation for colleagues who must decide whether and how to confront the misconduct.Several methods for gathering information about ethical dilemmas and transgressions encountered by psychologists have been developed. The critical incident technique (Flanagan, 1954) is a set of procedures for collecting reports from real-life settings of particular types of problem situations, with the goal of describing the types of problems encountered in "real world" practice settings. An advantage of this approach is that it allows the respondent, rather than the researcher, to identify the types of situations that create ethical challenges for practitioners. A second advantage is that respondents are likely to describe situations that capture the complexities of contemporary practice. A disadvantage of this approach is that it characteristically results in a low return rate, and respondents may be most likely to describe situations that were particularly troublesome rather than the ethical problems they frequently encounter.Another approach to studying real-world ethical challenges is to use a structured questionnaire to ask practitioners whether they have experienced or witnessed various types of ethical dilemmas and transgressions. One advantage of a structured questionnair...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethically challenging situations reported by school psychologists: Implications for training

Dailor

Jacob

2011

Psychology in the Schools

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“…For example, Bernard, Murphy, and Little (1987) revealed that significant numbers of profess~onal clinicians would do less than they knew they should in dealing with unethical practices by colleagues. Bernard and Jara (1986) found that graduate students in clinical psychology were reluctant to report grossly unethical behavior. Tabachnik et al (1991) also found that some faculty are uncertain about the propriety of confronting a colleague on an ethical issue.…”

Section: Ethical Review Committeementioning

confidence: 97%

Ethical Teaching of Psychology: One Department's Attempts at Self-Regulation

Hogan

Kimmėl

1992

Teaching of Psychology

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Despite a renewed interest in professional ethics, the focus on ethics in psychology has been predominantly limited to the domains of research and clinical practice. We argue that there is need for further research and action on teaching ethics. We describe the experience of our department in addressing the ethics of teaching through the development of a departmental ethics code and a departmental ethics committee. Based on this attempt at selfregulation, we provide recommendations for improving the ethical climate in academe.

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“…This latter issue has been discussed in the literature. Most violations go unreported (Welfel, 2006), and counselors generally are reluctant to confront or report the unethical behaviors of their peers (Bernard & Jara, 1986;Lowman, 2006). These findings are worrisome not only because of the continuing harm that may be caused to clients but also because public trust is based on a belief that counselors hold their fellow professionals to acceptable standards of ethical behavior (Herlihy & Corey, 2006;Remley & Herlihy, 2010).…”

Section: Ensuring Ethical Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Emerging Ethical Issues in Counseling: A Delphi Study of Expert Opinions

Herlihy

Dufrene

2011

Counseling and Values

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A Delphi study was conducted to ascertain the opinions of panel experts regarding the most important current and emerging ethical issues facing the counseling profession. Expert opinions on ethical issues in counselor preparation also were sought. Eighteen panelists responded to 3 rounds of data collection interspersed with feedback. Themes that emerged as important ethical issues were ensuring that counselors practice ethically and abide by the American Counseling Association (2005) ACA Code of Ethics, dealing with social justice and diversity issues, strengthening the professional identity of counselors, and ensuring competence in providing services within a climate of change.

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The failure of clinical psychology graduate students to apply understood ethical principles.

Cited by 54 publications

References 8 publications

Ethically challenging situations reported by school psychologists: Implications for training

Ethically challenging situations reported by school psychologists: Implications for training

Ethical Teaching of Psychology: One Department's Attempts at Self-Regulation

Current and Emerging Ethical Issues in Counseling: A Delphi Study of Expert Opinions

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