The Factor Analysis of the Antecedents of Dry Bulk Terminal for Port Operation Improvement in Malaysia

Abstract

Seaports are a vital trade gate for almost every nation in the globe. Seaports are now moved from its traditional role for solely providing services for storage or transit to a more important role especially in the wake of rising competition and operating cost. The aim of this study is to analyses the vital components needed for the improvement of the port operation for dry bulk terminals in Malaysia's port. 200 set of questionnaires were distributed involving all of the 18 Federal and States port (Penisular and Borneo) that have dry bulk terminal and only 120 were returned. With a 60 per cent response rate, this is consider as good to justify the result in Malaysia's port. With Cronbach Alpha reliability test of 0.945, the findings found that all of the variables (loading efficiency, infrastructure improvement, time performance and operation improvement) are significant and complementing each other in correlation test. It is recommended for future study to improve the framework by adding more variables or items. Keyword-Dry bulk terminal, operation improvement, Malaysia's port I. INTRODUCTION In Malaysia, port industry plays a very important role in the growth of its economy and development. It was estimated that 95% of the Malaysia's international trade is carried out by seaborne (Maritime Institute of Malaysia., 2013). According to the Bernama (2013), Malaysian ports are among the top 20 world busiest port in the world. This reflects that seaport industry has a huge impact on the Malaysia's economy. Seaports link the sea and the land for transporting goods using different mode of transportations. It connect ships that bring import cargo, or load the export cargo on one side, and onto the road or rail to move the cargo out, or bring in the cargo, as the case may be. According to Maritime Institute of Malaysia (2013) in 2012, Malaysian seaports handled total cargoes of about 480 million of tones from the total 505.26 million tones (RM 127.66 Billion). It also expected to grow 9.5% (523.3 million tones = RM 139.74 Billion) in 2013 due to strong sustainable growth in the country and strong intra-Asian trade. One of the main trades in Malaysia's seaport is Dry Bulk. Dry bulk trades comprises of huge portion of terminal services in the world. Servicing the dry bulk trades are 1,525 terminals located in 1,003 seaports in over 120 countries, of which 317 terminals offer to handle iron ore, 458 bulk fertilizers and 628 coals (Dry Cargo International, 2010). Hence, to handle such substantial services, efficiency is a priority. For example, reducing the time at the anchorage, berth and also at stockpiles is the main agenda for improving the efficiency of the terminal. The high demand around the world for dry bulk cargo inflicted a lot of pressure on the port terminals to increase their capacity. Many dry bulk terminals around the world are expanding and seriously increasing their capacity due to the high demand for energy and mineral resources (Lodewijks et al., 2009). In 1993, Malaysia faced with difficulties as the pro...

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