The face of future: Face expressions during future thinking

Abstract

Future thinking, which is the ability to project oneself forward in time to pre-experience an event, is intimately associated with emotions. We investigated whether emotional future thinking can activate emotional facial expressions. We invited 43 participants to imagine future scenarios, cued by the words “happy”, “sad”, and “city”. Future thinking was video recoded and analyzed with a facial analysis software to classify whether facial expressions (i.e., happy, sad, angry, surprised, scared, disgusted, and neutral facial expression) of participants were neutral or emotional. Analysis demonstrated higher levels of happy facial expressions during future thinking cued by the word “happy” than “sad” or “city”. In contrast, higher levels of sad facial expressions were observed during future thinking cued by the word “sad” than “happy” or “city”. Higher levels of neutral facial expressions were observed during future thinking cued by the word “city” than “happy” or “sad”. In the three conditions, the neutral expressions were high compared to happy and sad facial expression. Together, emotional future thinking, at least for future scenarios cued by “happy” and “sad”, seems to trigger the corresponding facial expression. Our study provides an original physiological window into the subjective emotional experience during future thinking.