The Fabrication of Multiple Stimuli-Responsive Film Electrode and Logic Gates of Rutin

Abstract

The glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface modified with carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (c-MWCNTs) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) films were used to investigate multiple switching electrochemical behaviors of rutin, and a 4-input/3-output logic-gate system was constructed. The drug molecule rutin acted as electroactive probe, and displayed triple stimuli-responsive switchable cyclic voltammetry (CV) properties on c-MWCNTs/PNIPAM film electrodes. From pH 4.0 to pH 9.0 at 25 °C, the peak currents of rutin were decreasing with the pH value increasing due to the property of rutin itself and the electrostatic interaction between polyacrylamide (PAA) in the film and rutin molecule. When external temperature and Na2SO4 concentration increased, the CV response signals of rutin decreased because the hydrogen bonds between amide group of PNIPAM hydrogel polymer and water molecules were broken gradually, and a collapsed globule structure was formed. According to above results, multiple stimulus-responsive hydrogel thin film sensor was constructed. Then a 4-input/3-output logic-gate system including AND, NAND and INHIBIT gates was fabricated successfully. The construction of logic-gate system based on drug molecule rutin may provide a novel approach and model leading to design the new-style drug sensor, which might be applied to the intelligent medical diagnostics and drug release.

Multimodal/Multifunctional Nanomaterials in (Bio)electrochemistry: Now and in the Coming Decade

“…Carboxylated-MWCNTs and poly( N , N -diethylacrylamide) were also used for the preparation of hydrogel surface layers onto GCEs to study the electrochemical on-off behavior toward the drug molecules matrine and sophoridine [ 139 ]. Similar components were employed by the same authors to develop a multiple stimuli-responsive hydrogel sensor and a logic-gate system for rutin, which might be applied to the intelligent medical diagnostics and drug release [ 140 ].…”

The Construction of Stimulus‐responsive Film Electrode by the Cu‐catalyzed Radical Polymerization and its Application in Multi‐valued Biologic Systems

“…The effective integration of the stimulus-responsive film and the electrode substrate directly affects the stability and complexity of logic calculations [15]. At present, the common methods for constructing film electrodes include radical polymerization [16,17] and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) [18,19]. However, there are still some inevitable problems in the current construction process.…”