The Fabrication and Development of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-based Sensors for Environmental Application

Cao, Shunsheng; Chen, Juanrong; Sheng, Weicheng; Wu, Weiwei; Zhao, Zhiyuan; Long, Fang

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-56331-6.00003-7

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…35 In their pristine form, the sensor films are not selective and so may give false positives from chemical compounds similar to explosives, like pesticides or perfume ingredients. However, future work to enhance specificity and selectivity via molecular imprinting of the polymers, [36][37][38][39] and sensor arrays 27,40 of polymers of differing sensitivity to individual explosives will be investigated. A sensitive, specific sensor for explosives in conjunction with an inexpensive swab will offer a method to "fingerprint" explosives from unknown IED mixtures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explosives detection by swabbing for improvised explosive devices

Glackin

Gillanders

Eriksson

et al. 2020

Analyst

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explosives detection by swabbing for improvised explosive devices

Glackin

Gillanders

Eriksson

et al. 2020

Analyst

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“…Traditional polymerization is the most comprehensive used method which involves the mixing of the monomer, the crosslinker, initiator, and the template in a mold polymerization and then grinding and sieving after removal of template [60]. Despite this method being easy and straightforward, it has some drawbacks such as slow rebinding kinetics [61], potential incomplete elimination of template molecule, irregular particle shapes, and the inhomogeneous allocation of the binding sites [62].…”

Section: Traditional Polymerization (Bulk Polymerization)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecularly imprinting polymer sensor for the detection of testosterone and endocrine disrupting chemicals in environmental and biomedical applications

Kadhem¹

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Molecular imprinting is one of the promising techniques that have been used recently to detect trace contaminants in aqueous solution. This technique is based on the fact that the target compound is present during the polymer synthesis which gives an opportunity for the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) to rebind the target molecule selectivity after removal. In this thesis, it was used to detect a hormone (testosterone) in water and blood samples. The procedures are straightforward, fast, and use simple equipment. The detection of the template was carried out by using HPLC and UV-Vis. The MIP starts by preparing a template for the polymer morphology from a silica particle deposition on the glasses slides. At the beginning of this research, the silica particles were prepared by using the Stober method and then commercial silica particles were used. Bulk polymerization was used to prepare the polymer. Two types of solvent (porogen) have been applied. The composition of the prepolymerization solution was optimized. The smart sensor was used first as a self-standing film to characterize and validate. After that, the sensor was deposited on a Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) slide as a support material which made it easy to use and regenerate. The selectivity and sensitivity of the sensor to the target (testosterone) were studied. The sensor has the potential to detect testosterone not only in a water sample but also in blood samples. In addition, this sensor has the potential for integration into a microdevice for on-site and online monitoring. Such a sensor could be easily used by an inexperienced operator. In this work, the sensor was developed to detect the target with a very low concentration in blood samples. Different endocrine disrupted chemicals were used to compete for the target and to test the potential interference effect. Several human blood samples were utilized to investigate the sensor selectivity. Also, the recoverability of the sensors was studied. The detection of endocrine-disrupting chemicals by traditional methods was complicated, expensive and time-consuming. This research studied the affinity of eight EDCs to the testosterone sensor. In addition, the relation between the classification of chemicals depend on relative binding affinity (RBA) which calculated from other sources to the classification that were got from the sensor were compared to investigate any relationship between. Based on the results of the study, the chemicals were classified into 4 categories, according to their response: strong affinity (T), moderate (CHL, VIN, EST, and FLU), weak (BPA, DDE, and DCP), and inactive (DDT). Also, the percent activity showed that the selected chemicals had lower adsorption to the binding site of the sensor in comparison with testosterone. The results showed that 57 [percent] of our classification was identical with Fang classification which means that our sensor can be used as a pre method to study the affinity of EDCs binding to AR.

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“…According to molecular cluster theory, the nanocavities are complementary in shape and size to the template molecule as in key-lock mechanism. MIPs fabricated with crystal nuclei have better adsorption capabilities and the template-template interactions are more prone to occur in the cavities of the MIPs with the formed molecular clusters of chiral imprinted molecules (36).…”

Section: Molecularly Imprinted Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situ detection of atrazine and its metabolites contamination in natural waters

Salahshoor¹

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Water and soil contamination caused by extensive atrazine (ATZ) application in agriculture, could be a potential risk to the environment and human health. Common analytical methods are expensive and complex. A sensor for low-cost and simple detection of ATZ and its metabolites, deethylatrazine (DEA) and deisopropylatrazine (DIA), in aqueous solutions was developed by combining colloidal crystal with molecular imprinting technique. The sensor is formed by 3D interconnected macroporous structure with numerous nanocavities derived from ATZ and its metabolites imprinting in a thin polymeric film. The MIPs were fabricated with acrylic acid monomers crosslinked by ethylene glycol dimethacrylate with 4:1 molar ratio, polymerized under UV radiation initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile. The films were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The MIPs were incubated in solutions of each target at variable concentrations. Target molecules were specifically absorbed in nanocavities and caused swelling in the polymer film resulting in changes of Bragg diffraction peak wavelength. Kinetic tests showed that rebinding equilibrium was reached within 20 minutes. The sensor had a dynamic range of 0.1 to 10 ppb for quantifying target analytes in aqueous solutions with limit of detection of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 ppb, and limit of quantification of 0.33, 0.66, and 1 ppb for ATZ, DEA, and DIA, respectively. Cross-reactivity tests were conducted in 1 and 5 ppb solutions combining all three targets and showed absence of positive interferences effects and low probability of false positives given by individual sensors. Ionic strength effect on MIPs investigation showed up to 26 percent decrease and 23 percent increase in MIP response for NaCl and CaCl2, respectively. Presence of NOM caused 28 percent and 35 percent increase in wavelength shift for NIPs and MIPs, respectively. Rinsing NIPs before measuring the reflectance spectra resulted in less increase in wavelength shift. Natural waters samples were collected after rain events and were characterized for physicochemical properties and the content of ATZ, DEA, and DIA to be eventually used for MIPs application in them. MIPs were examined in natural waters spiked with target molecules, showing good agreement with real concentrations of targets. The resulting molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) yields rapid and efficient detection of target molecules in aqueous solutions close to environmentally relevant concentrations.

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The Fabrication and Development of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-based Sensors for Environmental Application

Cited by 7 publications

References 115 publications

Explosives detection by swabbing for improvised explosive devices

Explosives detection by swabbing for improvised explosive devices

Molecularly imprinting polymer sensor for the detection of testosterone and endocrine disrupting chemicals in environmental and biomedical applications

In-situ detection of atrazine and its metabolites contamination in natural waters

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