The Eye and Harderian Gland

Walling, Brent E.; Marit, Gary B.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802682-3.00012-4

Cited by 4 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Furthermore, at birth, the posterior epithelium consists of one layer of round to oval cells. From PND4 to PND6, a fine outer plexiform layer divides the neuroblastic layer in the central region into the inner and outer nuclear layers (Walling and Marit, ).…”

Section: Development Of the Retina And Optic Nervementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inner and outer plexiform layers have thickened as a result of axon growth and dendrites arborization. A thin photoreceptor layer is now present over the entire length of the retina (Walling and Marit, ). Minimal morphological changes occur in the retina between PND8 and PND10.…”

Section: Development Of the Retina And Optic Nervementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At PND14, immediately following the opening of the eyelids, the inner and outer plexiform layers as well as the outer nuclear layer and the photoreceptor layer significantly thicken (Walling and Marit, ). The inner nuclear layer is thinner than the outer nuclear layer and can be divided into two subtle different zones; the anterior half is slightly less densely packed and includes paler nuclei while the posterior zone contains more densely packed oval nuclei (Braekevelt and Hollenberg, ).…”

Section: Development Of the Retina And Optic Nervementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, at 2 weeks of age, glial progenitor cells are scarce and oligodendrocytes and astrocytes are in similar proportions (Butt and Ransom, ). Axon myelination is performed by oligodendrocytes and begins adjacent to the optic disc and the optic chiasm at PND8 and is completed between PND14 and PND16 (Walling and Marit, ).…”

Section: Development Of the Retina And Optic Nervementioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre‐ and Postnatal Development of the Eye: A Species Comparison

Cruchten

Vrolyk

Lepage

et al. 2017

Birth Defects Research

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In this review paper, literature data on pre- and postnatal eye development are compared between humans and nonclinical species that are commonly used for human safety assessment, namely, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, minipig, and nonhuman primates. Some new data on rat and minipig ocular development are also included. This compiled information can be helpful for species selection in juvenile toxicity studies or assist in the interpretation of (non)clinical data during pediatric drug development. Despite some differences in developmental windows and anatomical peculiarities, such as the lack of a fovea centralis in nonprimate species or the presence of a nictitating membrane in some nonclinical species, the functioning and development of the eye is strikingly similar between humans and other mammals. As such, all commonly used nonclinical species appear to be relatively good models for human eye development, although some practical constraints such as size may be a limiting factor. Birth Defects Research 109:1540-1567, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Development Of the Retina And Optic Nervementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of the Retina And Optic Nervementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of the Retina And Optic Nervementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of the Retina And Optic Nervementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Pre‐ and Postnatal Development of the Eye: A Species Comparison

Cruchten

Vrolyk

Lepage

et al. 2017

Birth Defects Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This is what produces the porphyrin and lipid-laden tears in rats and is of clinical significance because of the vivid, visible tears it produces in several diseases. 30…”

Section: Normal Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Surface Disease in Rodents (Guinea Pigs, Mice, Rats, Chinchillas)

Monk¹

2019

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice

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Temporospatial dynamics of the morphogenesis of the rabbit retina from prenatal to postnatal life: Light and electron microscopic study

El‐Desoky,

Elhanbaly,

Hifny

et al. 2023

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The retina consists of various cell types arranged in eight cell layers and two membranes that originate from the neuroectodermal cells. In this study, the timing of differentiation and distribution of the cellular components and the layers of the rabbit retina are investigated using light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemical techniques. There were 32 rabbit embryos and 12 rabbits used. The rabbit retina begins its prenatal development on the 10th day of gestation in the form of optic cup. The process of neuro‐ and gliogenesis occurs in several stages: In the first stage, the ganglionic cells are differentiated at the 15th day. The second stage includes the differentiation of Muller, amacrine, and cone cells on the 23rd day. The differentiation of bipolar, horizontal, and rod cells and formation of the inner segments of the photoreceptors consider the late stage that occurs by the 27th and 30th day of gestation. On the first week of age postnatally, the outer segments of the photoreceptors are developed. S100 protein is expressed by the Muller cells and its processes that traverse the retina from the outer to the inner limiting membranes. Calretinin is intensely labeled within the amacrine and displaced amacrine cells. Ganglionic cells exhibited moderate immunoreactivity for calretinin confined to their cytoplasm and dendrites. In conclusion, all stages of neuro‐ and gliogenesis of the rabbit retina occur during the embryonic period. Then, the retina continues its development postnatally by formation of the photoreceptor outer segments and all layers of the retina become established.Research Highlights The aim of this study is to investigate the morphogenesis of the rabbit retina during pre‐ and postnatal life. The primordia of the retina could be observed in the form of the optic cup. The ganglionic cells are the first cells to differentiate, while the photoreceptor cells are the last. S100 protein is expressed by the Muller cells and its processes. Calretinin is intensely labeled in the amacrine and displaced amacrine cells and moderately expressed in the cytoplasm and dendrites of ganglionic cells.

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The Eye and Harderian Gland

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Pre‐ and Postnatal Development of the Eye: A Species Comparison

Pre‐ and Postnatal Development of the Eye: A Species Comparison

Ocular Surface Disease in Rodents (Guinea Pigs, Mice, Rats, Chinchillas)

Temporospatial dynamics of the morphogenesis of the rabbit retina from prenatal to postnatal life: Light and electron microscopic study

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