The extremely low energy cost of biosynthesis in holometabolous insect larvae

Ferral, Nolan; Gómez, Nélida; Holloway, Kyara N.; Neeter, H.; Fairfield, M.; Pollman, K.; Huang, Yue-Wern; Hou, Chen

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103988

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The more is allocated to growth and somatic maintenance and the more reserves there are, the higher the growth efficiency is. The variability in these parameters might also explain the results of a recent study that suggests that overhead costs of growth can be very low and are much more variable than previously thought (Ferral et al ., 2020). Here there is room for further explorations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production efficiency differences between poikilotherms and homeotherms have little to do with metabolic rate

Meer

2020

Ecology Letters

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The idea that homeothermic populations have a much lower production efficiency than poikilothermic populations, because warm‐blooded individuals exhibit a higher metabolic rate per gram of body weight, is widespread. Using Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory, in combination with a modelling exercise based on empirical data for over 1000 different species, I show that this idea is wrong. Production efficiency of homeothermic individuals can be as high or even higher than that of poikilotherms. Differences observed are merely the result of different energy allocation and life‐history strategies. Birds, for example have evolved to invest a large proportion of the assimilated energy in somatic growth and maintenance and to mature at a relatively large size. Therefore, their production efficiency as an adult is low. This low reproduction efficiency combined with a low mortality rate causes the low production efficiency of bird (and other homeothermic) populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production efficiency differences between poikilotherms and homeotherms have little to do with metabolic rate

Meer

2020

Ecology Letters

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“…hypothesis, suggesting that more expensive biosynthesis results in high quality macromolecules that are more resistant to oxidative insults [47].…”

Section: The High Energetic Cost Of Growth In Naked Mole Rat (Nmr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Cal per gram of protein and 9.5 Cal per gram of lipid, etc., which is measured with calorimetric techniques. Em, however, difference in their body composition, because the energy required to deposit a unit of protein is similar to that of fat[45,48], and species with the same body composition can have 20-fold difference in the values of Em[47].We hypothesize that the variations in Em across species come from the differences in the effort that species makes to synthesize proteins, and a high Em results in better protein stability. There are multiple mechanisms ) and the amount of damage that can be repaired by one unit of energy allocated to repair (η).It is well known that proteins' folding property greatly affects their susceptibility to oxidative damage, probably because tightly packed side chains in the well-folded state provides better protection from ROS and other insults[61][62][63][64][65].…”

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confidence: 97%

Why Naked Mole-Rats Have High Oxidative Damage but Live a Long Life: A Simple Explanation Based on the Oxidative Stress Theory of Aging

2020

Adv Geriatr Med Res

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Compared to mice with the same body mass, naked mole-rats have a lower metabolic rate, higher homeostasis-maintaining activities, higher oxidative damage levels, but a longer lifespan. These observations have raised serious challenges to the widely accepted oxidative stress theory of aging, which suggests a negative correlation between damage levels and lifespan. Here, we introduce a simple theoretical model based on energy conservation and the oxidative stress theory. Employing the model and the physiological parameters of mice and naked mole-rats, we explain why naked mole-rats have higher damage levels despite their higher somatic maintenance efforts; why damage levels in naked mole-rats seem not to change over age; and how these factors concertedly result in a longer lifespan in naked mole-rats. Our results highlight the energy tradeoff between biosynthesis and somatic maintenance, and suggest that the rate of damage accumulation over age and the existence of a threshold of damage for death are the keys to solve the paradox raised by naked molerats.

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“…For example, the local increases in spike frequency during perceptual and motor activity of the brain requires additional enthalpy consumption and free-energy production: while ATP consumption at the mean rate at 4Hz is 3.29 x 10 9 molecules of ATP/neuron/sec, increased spike frequency has a metabolic cost of 6.5 μmol/ATP/gr/min for each additional spike (Attwell et al, 2001). Furthermore, the metabolic cost of animal growth, which quantifies the amount of energy required to synthesize a unit of biomass, is a key factor for the making of ontogenetic energy budgets (Ferral et al, 2020). Also, energy budgets provide the proper operational framework to examine the acquisition of energy resources at higher degrees of organization, such as those at the population and ecosystem levels (Murphy et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Economic Approach to Energy Budgets: How Many Resources Should Living Organisms Spare?

Tozzi¹

2021

Preprint

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Ramsey’s economic theory of saving (RTS) estimates how much of its commodities a nation should save to safeguard the well-being of future generations. Since RTS retains many attractive qualities such as simplicity, strength, breadth and generality, here we ask if it would be useful to investigate biophysical issues. Specifically, we focus on a biological topic that lends itself as a backdrop for the study of the imbalance between intake and expenditure, i.e., the evaluation of the multicellular living organisms’ energetic requirements and constraints. Our problem is to find at each time the optimum distribution and the right balance of the cellular energy budget between consumption and storage: how much must a living organism spare to increase its chances of survival over long periods? Suggesting how to find the optimum allocation of the available energy between expenditure and saving at each time, RTS approaches to biological energy budgets may have a wide range of experimental applications, such as: a) optimization of the long-term survival chances of either immortalized cell cultures, or beneficial bacterial colonies and exogenous probiotic mixtures; b) eradication of detrimental biofilms, such as, e.g., heart valves’ Streptococcus colonies; c) novel anti-stress and anti-ageing strategies.

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The extremely low energy cost of biosynthesis in holometabolous insect larvae

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Production efficiency differences between poikilotherms and homeotherms have little to do with metabolic rate

Production efficiency differences between poikilotherms and homeotherms have little to do with metabolic rate

Why Naked Mole-Rats Have High Oxidative Damage but Live a Long Life: A Simple Explanation Based on the Oxidative Stress Theory of Aging

An Economic Approach to Energy Budgets: How Many Resources Should Living Organisms Spare?

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