“…Carbon dioxide is an odorless and colorless heavy gas. Although it is often considered a nontoxic asphyxiant gas that can displace the oxygen required to sustain life, it has significant physiological effects which will be experienced before effects of oxygen deprivation set in [18]. One such effect is increased respiration.…”
Section: Evidence For Carbon Dioxide Poisoningmentioning
This is a pre-print of Hedlund, F. H., and Madsen, M., Incomplete understanding of biogas chemical hazards-Serious gas poisoning accident while unloading food waste at biogas plant.
“…Carbon dioxide is an odorless and colorless heavy gas. Although it is often considered a nontoxic asphyxiant gas that can displace the oxygen required to sustain life, it has significant physiological effects which will be experienced before effects of oxygen deprivation set in [18]. One such effect is increased respiration.…”
Section: Evidence For Carbon Dioxide Poisoningmentioning
This is a pre-print of Hedlund, F. H., and Madsen, M., Incomplete understanding of biogas chemical hazards-Serious gas poisoning accident while unloading food waste at biogas plant.
“…The health effects are determined not only by the CO 2 concentration but also the duration of the 178 exposure, as summarized in table 3 (Hedlund, 2012;Ridgway, 2007).…”
Section: Identification Of Risk and Risk Matrics 171mentioning
“…Coal and gas outbursts are one of the greatest natural hazards in underground coalmining, which continue to threaten safety and limit production. Many countries have experienced coal and gas outbursts in underground mining (Aguado and Nicieza, 2007;Black, 2019;Hedlund, 2012;Saleh and Cummings, 2011;Skoczylas et al, 2014;Sobczyk, 2014;Wang et al, 2014). Coal is a major energy resource and plays a critical role in the development of the national economy and society.…”
Protective seam mining is one kind of most effective measure to reduce coal and gas outburst risk. The pressure relief angles along inclination (δm) are key parameters for evaluating the effect of protective seam mining. However, the numerical relation between δm and coal seam dip (a) is defined by discrete data and is difficult to determine δm accurately. In this study, the variations of δm with respect to seam dips are analyzed to derive analytical equations that can be used to accurately calculate δm. The relationship between δm and seam dip (a) can be expressed as parabolic or inverted parabolic curves. Mathematical equations for δm are derived by curve fitting technique. Furthermore, polynomial equations are determined as the most appropriate for δm calculation when the polynomial order is selected as 7, 6, 4 and 5 respectively. These derived equations are computationally solved and verified using actual and field test data of δm. with satisfactory consistency and accuracy. The equations are suggested as supplement and improvement for Detailed Rules on Prevention of Coal and Gas Outburst.
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