The ‘extrapolated center of mass’ concept suggests a simple control of balance in walking

Hof, At L.

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2007.08.003

Cited by 478 publications

(526 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In response to a movement of the centre of mass, the centre of pressure is adjusted using postural control strategies (Murray et al 1967;Prieto et al 1993). Walking people are sensitive to changes in lateral velocity and take corrective stepping actions (Hof, 2008;Hof et al 2010). The findings of the present study are consistent with walking people responding to changes in lateral velocity by adjusting their lateral COP velocity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural stability when walking: Effect of the frequency and magnitude of lateral oscillatory motion

Sari

Griffin

2014

Applied Ergonomics

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While walking on an instrumented treadmill, 20 subjects were perturbed by lateral sinusoidal oscillations representative of those encountered in transport: frequencies in the range 0.5 to 2 Hz and accelerations in the range 0.1 to 2.0 ms -2 r.m.s., corresponding to velocities in the range 0.032 to 0.16 ms -1 r.m.s. Postural stability was assessed from the self-reported probability of losing balance (i.e., perceived risk of falling) and the movements of the centre of pressure beneath the feet. With the same acceleration at all frequencies, the velocities and displacements of the oscillatory perturbations were greater with the lower frequency oscillations, and these caused greater postural instability. With the same velocity at all frequencies, postural instability was almost independent of the frequency of oscillation.Movements of the centre of pressure show that subjects attempted to compensate for the perturbations by increasing their step width and increasing their step rate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural stability when walking: Effect of the frequency and magnitude of lateral oscillatory motion

Sari

Griffin

2014

Applied Ergonomics

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“…However, the coordinative mechanisms underlying stabilization of step-related measures and their functional relationship with maintenance of body equilibrium remain poorly understood. Gait stability has also been characterized using biomechanical measures, such as whole-body momentum (Kaya et al 1998;Herr and Popovic 2008;Robert et al 2009) or the center of mass (CoM) position relative to the center of pressure (Hof 2008;Hof et al 2005;Lee and Chou 2006). Functionally, CoM position and movement relative to the base of support are directly linked to maintaining equilibrium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor-equivalent covariation stabilizes step parameters and center of mass position during treadmill walking

2010

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We investigated motor-equivalent stabilization of task-related variables (TRV) at times of heel strike in eight healthy young men (23-30 years) who walked on a motorized treadmill at self-selected and prescribed speeds within the normal walking speed range. The TRV consisted of step parameters (step length and width) and the center of mass (CoM) position relative to the support (back and front feet). Motor-equivalent stabilization of the TRV was assessed using a decorrelation technique, comparing empirical to decorrelated (covariation-free) variability. Analysis indicated reliable covariation for all TRV. In both the fore-aft and lateral directions, stabilization by covariation was highest for CoM position relative to the front foot, indicating a prioritization of equilibrium-related variables. Correlations among TRV revealed that the relation between CoM and step parameter control differed between the fore-aft and lateral directions. While stabilization of lateral foot position appears to be due to control of CoM relative to each foot, step length showed small, but reliable, stabilization beyond CoM stabilization, which may be related to spatiotemporal regularity of the step pattern.

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“…The impending fall can only be prevented by a rapid and spatially well-directed stepping (or reaching) movement. The accurate, time dependent, step length can be predicted by the concept of the ''extrapolated center of mass'' (XcoM) [7][8][9]. This concept is based on the inverted pendulum model of balance and allows to define stability in dynamic situations [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balance recovery after an evoked forward fall in unilateral transtibial amputees

et al. 2010

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The ‘extrapolated center of mass’ concept suggests a simple control of balance in walking

Cited by 478 publications

References 14 publications

Postural stability when walking: Effect of the frequency and magnitude of lateral oscillatory motion

Postural stability when walking: Effect of the frequency and magnitude of lateral oscillatory motion

Motor-equivalent covariation stabilizes step parameters and center of mass position during treadmill walking

Balance recovery after an evoked forward fall in unilateral transtibial amputees

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