The extraordinary gravity of three atom 4π-components and 1,3-dienes to C20-nXn fullerenes; a new gate to the future of Nano technology

Abstract

A quick glance to the adsorption, sensing, and energy storage abilities of C20 fullerene and its derivatives indicate that this small carbon cluster may have extraordinary properties which would make it a key part of the future of Nano actuators and Nano machines. For example, in the case of the gravity of three atom 4π-components (TACs) to these carbon cages, it should be noted that; the rate constants (K)s of the reaction of C20 fullerene with 1,3-butadiene (Diels-Alder (DA) process), and with 2-furan nitrile oxide ([3+2] cycloaddition (32CA process)) are 2.51(1011) M-1 s-1, and 1.4(107)M-1 s-1, respectively. However, the rate constant of the 32CAreaction between norbornadiene and 3,4-dihydro isoquinoline-N-oxide is about 2.56(10-5) M-1 s-1 (both by DFT and by experimental results). This simple comparison could show the extraordinary gravity of some TACs and dienes to C20 fullerenes.

On the Question of Zwitterionic Intermediates in the [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions between Aryl Azides and Ethyl Propiolate

“…This is, however, an incidental example, determined by the specific, strained nature of the alkyne. Similar, atypical reactivity is also observed in the case of azidefullerene C20 cycloadditions (Scheme 2) [32].…”

Fully Selective Synthesis of Spirocyclic-1,2-oxazine N-Oxides via Non-Catalysed Hetero Diels-Alder Reactions with the Participation of Cyanofunctionalysed Conjugated Nitroalkenes

“…In the last years, however, several examples of the reaction with the participation of zwitterionic [ 39 , 40 , 41 ] and biradical intermediates were discovered [ 42 ]. These cases were recently discussed critically [ 43 , 44 ]. For this purpose, the ωB97X-D/6-311G-(d) level of theory was applied.…”

Full Regio- and Stereoselective Protocol for the Synthesis of New Nicotinoids via Cycloaddition Processes with the Participation of Trans-Substituted Nitroethenes: Comprehensive Experimental and MEDT Study

“…In the second stage of our research, we decided to shed a light on the molecular mechanism of the formation of detected cycloadducts. It is important because the latest discoveries in the research of the cycloaddition reaction mechanism fully undermined the definition of the "concerted" 32CA mechanism [8,9] with the "pericyclic" reorganization of electron density within the transition state. At this moment, it is evident that within the course of the cycloaddition process, many stages with different types of electron flux are possible [10,11].…”