The Extracts of Morinda officinalis and Its Hairy Roots Attenuate Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Chronic Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Regulating Inflammation and Lymphocyte Apoptosis

Abstract

Morinda officinalis is beneficial for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The hairy root with higher genetic and biochemical stability cultured from M. officinalis might have similar effects to treat IBD. In this study, the main chemical composition of the root extracts of M. officinalis (MORE) native plant and the hairy root extract of M. officinalis (MOHRE) was compared by quantitative HPLC. The difference of their therapeutic effects and potential mechanism was evaluated using 3% dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic colitis in mice and T lymphocytes in vitro. The results found that MOHRE possesses many specific peaks unobserved in the chromatogram of native plant. The content of iridoids in the MORE (3.10%) and MOHRE (3.01%) is somewhat similar but quite different for their anthraquinones’s content (0.14 and 0.66%, respectively). Despite all this, treatment with both MORE and MOHRE significantly attenuated the symptoms of colitis, including diarrhea, body weight loss, colon shortening, histological damage, and decreased inflammatory cytokine levels. In addition, they dose-dependently increased the apoptosis of T lymphocyte in vivo and in vitro. And, the differences for treatment effects on ulcerative colitis (UC) between them both in this study were mostly insignificant. The results demonstrated that the effects of MORE and MOHRE for the treatment of UC are similar, although there are a few difference on their chemical composition, indicating the hairy root cultured from M. officinalis might be able to replace its native plant on treatment of UC. The successful derivation of a sustainable hairy root culture provides a model system to study the synthetic pathways for bioactive metabolites, which will make the use of bioreactors to largely produce traditional medicine become reality.

Chinese nonmedicinal herbal diet and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A population‐based case‐control study

“…32 Moreover, extractions of S. glabra and S. coicis may inhibit the activation of EBV 33 by eliminating free radicals, inducing the functional maturation of dendritic cells, and activating macrophages. 32,[34][35][36][37][38] M. officinalis, the species with the lowest OR, may regulate lymphocyte apoptosis, 39 mediate macrophage activation, 40 and suppress NF-κβ pathways. 41 Contrary to our study, several others conducted in the Philippines, southern China, and Taiwan reported that the use of traditional herbal medicines was associated with an elevated risk of NPC, 10,12,42,43 whereas one other study reported an inverse association with NPC risk.…”

“…Moreover, extractions of S. glabra and S. coicis may inhibit the activation of EBV by eliminating free radicals, inducing the functional maturation of dendritic cells, and activating macrophages . M. officinalis , the species with the lowest OR, may regulate lymphocyte apoptosis, mediate macrophage activation, and suppress NF‐κβ pathways …”

Protective effect of Gloeostereum�incarnatum on ulcerative colitis via modulation of Nrf2/NF‑κB signaling in C57BL/6 mice

“…During the development of UC, signaling of the receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 can upregulate the expression of repair-associated cytokines, including cyclooxygenase 2 and IL-22 ( 57 ). As a pro-inflammatory factor, abnormal release of TNF-α recruits more macrophages and neutrophils, which in turn increases inflammatory damage and intestinal permeability ( 58 ). In the morphological observations of the current study, reduced goblet cells, crypt abscesses and inflammatory cell infiltration were noted in the colon tissue following DSS administration; these were alleviated following GI administration.…”

Triptriolide Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Injury by Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways

“…The blood samples were drawn from orbit and transferred to 2 mL EP tubes, then centrifugated at 3000 rpm for 15 min to obtain serum samples (Liang et al, 2017b). The liver tissues were homogenized in PBS, and further centrifugated at 12000 rpm for 15 min to obtain cell lysate samples.…”