The Extracts of Cinnamon and Clove as Potential Biofungicides against Strawberry Grey Mould

Abstract

Biofungicides from plants are a possibility for the biocontrol of fungal diseases, as chemical products may be harmful to the environment and humans. Strawberry is one of the many plants infected by grey mould (Botrytis cinerea), and innovative methods of biocontrol against B. cinerea are under investigation. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia L.) accumulate natural compounds, such as eugenol and cinnamaldehyde, which provide antimicrobial and antifungal properties; thus, extracts of these plants could be possibly used as biofungicides. During this study, the inhibition of B. cinerea by clove and cinnamon extracts was evaluated in vitro on Petri plates and detached strawberry leaves; additionally, the chemical composition of volatiles was identified. Clove extract consisted of 52.88% eugenol, and cinnamon consisted of 74.67% cinnamaldehyde. The efficacy of the extracts on detached strawberry leaves showed that 12 mL L−1 concentration of clove extract was effective in suppressing the grey mould infection. Clove and cinnamon extracts showed an equal ability to inhibit B. cinerea on Petri plates. However, the results of the detached strawberry leaves assay showed that clove extract was more effective as a biocontrol product. Overall, clove extract expressed a high potential for application in biofungicides formulations.

The Use of Essential Oils from Thyme, Sage and Peppermint against Colletotrichum acutatum

“…A higher concentration of this EO’s should be investigated, to obtain greater efficiency. Plants effect as volatile compounds on EO may induce a stressful environment on the surface of strawberry leaves [ 11 , 35 ].…”

“…Essential oils (EO) demonstrate a distinct level of antimicrobial activity to various ranges of strawberry pathogens [ 6 , 9 , 11 , 12 ]. The EO includes terpenes, terpenoids, aromatic, and aliphatic constituents, and most importantly, they contain antioxidants and biologically active compounds.…”

“…Growing pathogens resistance occurs because of the extensive use of chemical pesticides for plant protection. The new sources of natural active ingredients for plant protection may solve pesticide resistance problems and reduce environmental and food contamination [ 7 , 11 , 12 , 28 ]. This study aims to evaluate the inhibition of C. acutatum by thyme, sage, and peppermint EO in vitro also on the detached strawberry leaves, and determine EO chemical composition.…”

Application of Plant Extracts to Control Postharvest Gray Mold and Susceptibility of Apple Fruits to B. cinerea from Different Plant Hosts

“…A total of 99.50% and 87.99% of volatiles were identified in the pimento and laurel extracts, respectively. Information about the cinnamon ( C. cassia ) extract used in the experiments can be found in a previous study [ 49 ].…”

“…Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to determine the volatile components of produced extracts under previously specified conditions [ 49 ].…”