The Extraction of Potassium from Feldspar by Molten Salt Leaching Method with Composite Additives

Zhang, Hao; Sun, De Si; Bao, Hong

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.1136

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Figure 6 shows the results of the dissolution experiments in which the sample was roasted at temperatures of 650, 750, 850, and 950 • C and for 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. Researchers who conducted similar potassium extraction studies stated that the highest recoveries were obtained at 800 • C [5,6] and 900 • C [4,7,8,10,11,13]. Yuan et al [9] observed a decrease in the potassium yields at elevated temperatures, similar to the findings of this study.…”

Section: Effect Of Roasting Temperature and Durationsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Nayak et al reported that 65% of the potassium could be dissolved from 13% K 2 O bearing rock with roasting at 850-900 • C together with MgSO 4 +CaCO 3 at a ratio of 1:0.7:3 to feldspar, with the feldspar having a grain size under 63 microns [4]. Zhang et al [5] claimed that when feldspar:CaCl 2 :NaCl roasted together at a ratio of 1.8:1.1:0.6 at 800 • C for 1 hour, the potassium extraction reached 95.5%, starting from 14.81% K 2 O bearing feldspar with a grain size under 70 microns. Xie et al [6] stated that 84.7% potassium recovery was obtained from 9.3% K 2 O bearing feldspar, minus 45 microns feldspar ore with CaCl 2 , by roasting at 800 • C for 1 hour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Correlation of Roasting Conditions in Selective Potassium Extraction from K-Feldspar Ore

et al. 2019

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Feldspar minerals are essential ingredients for the glass and ceramic-glass industries. The potassium element found in certain proportions in the composition of K-feldspar minerals has a fundamental function in the growth of plants. The production of potassium fertilizers is mostly made from the soluble minerals, which are located in lakes. Despite having a huge area of use in the agriculture industry, the reserves of these salts are limited and not evenly distributed in the earth’s crust. Due to the high availability of feldspar reserves in the earth’s crust, the production of potential potassium salts can provide a wide range of social and economic benefits. In this study, potassium extraction from a feldspar ore, which contained microcline, albite, muscovite, and quartz, was studied using chloridizing (CaCl2) roasting followed by leaching. Direct leaching experiments were also performed on the sample by adapting various solvents. To emphasize the importance of roasting before the dissolution process, different parameters such as particle size, roasting temperature, and duration, as well as the feldspar/CaCl2 ratio, were tested. Under the optimum conditions (i.e., −106 microns, 850 Co, 60 minutes, 1:1.5 feldspar:CaCl2), 99% of the potassium was successfully extracted from the ore feed.

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Section: Effect Of Roasting Temperature and Durationsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Correlation of Roasting Conditions in Selective Potassium Extraction from K-Feldspar Ore

et al. 2019

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“…The thermal treatment whereby high-temperature molten salt is used as a fluxing agent for extraction of potassium from K-bearing ores was found to be the most effective method due to its large potential for the rapid release and high recovery of potassium from the silicate structure. ,,,− However, thermal treatment is an energy-intensive process compared with other methods in part because of the high-temperature calcination and also because of the latent heat required to convert a solid salt to a liquid phase. Decomposition of K-bearing ores with various salts has been experimentally investigated by various research groups in Brazil, ,, India, ,, and China. − ,− A number of potential reagent candidates have been identified to solubilize K-bearing ores through roasting. The detailed results for optimum conditions at which the highest potassium recovery was achieved are presented in Table .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochemical and Experimental Kinetic Analysis of Potassium Extraction from Ultrapotassic Syenite Using Molten Chloride Salts

Haseli

Majewski

Christo

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This paper reports on the application of molten chloride salts, NaCl and CaCl 2 , for extraction of potassium from Oxley rock (ultrapotassic microsyenite) mined in Western Australia based on both experimental kinetic and thermochemical analysis. The reaction parameters of temperature, time, and salt to ore ratio were systematically analyzed, and a potassium extraction of more than 90% and 87% using CaCl 2 and NaCl, respectively, was obtained. In this paper, thermochemical equilibrium models have also been developed which show excellent agreement with experimental data and also allow one to predict how the system deviates from equilibrium where the maximum potassium extraction can be obtained. Also, this study offers a potential comparison between the use of NaCl and CaCl 2 in terms of potassium extraction and reaction mechanism. Different mineralogical studies have been conducted to characterize the ore and also to understand the reaction principle of the ore with NaCl and CaCl 2 .

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“…The potassium present in orthoclase and microcline phases of FS reacts with the calcium chloride to produce potassium chloride as it has the minimum standard free energy change for the formation as compared to other metal chlorides . Molten salt additives are considered as a better fluxing agent for the materials comprising silicate ores . The probable reaction during roasting of feldspar with calcium chloride is as follows …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 Molten salt additives are considered as a better fluxing agent for the materials comprising silicate ores. 26 The probable reaction during roasting of feldspar with calcium chloride is as follows…”

Section: Particle Size Effect On Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Process for the Extraction of Potassium from Feldspar Using Eggshell Powder

et al. 2020

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To recover potassium from feldspar, a biowaste, i.e., eggshell, was used. The chief composition of eggshells is calcite. As it is a rich source of Ca, hence it is used with HCl to produce calcium chloride. Feldspar is an aluminosilicate mineral that bears potassium in the interstitial sites. To unlock the potassium from the interstitial sites, it was roasted with calcium chloride prepared by mixing eggshell and hydrochloric acid. At the roasting temperature, CaCl2 melts and penetrates into the aluminosilicate matrix to replace K with Ca. Potassium ion released from the silicate matrix combines with chloride ions to form potassium chloride, which solubilized in water during the leaching process of the roasted feldspar. For elucidation of the mechanism of the roasting process, the shrinking core model was applied to the roast–leach data, and diffusion through the product layer was inferred as the rate-determining step. The order of the roasting process was found to be 2.158 and activation energy calculated to be 155.3 kJ/mol. Apart from potassium, sodium and excess calcium also got co-leached. To recover potassium from the leach liquor selectively, sodium perchlorate was added to precipitate potassium as KClO4. Further, potassium perchlorate was thermally decomposed to give fertilizer grade potassium chloride (purity: 99.81%).

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The Extraction of Potassium from Feldspar by Molten Salt Leaching Method with Composite Additives

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

The Correlation of Roasting Conditions in Selective Potassium Extraction from K-Feldspar Ore

The Correlation of Roasting Conditions in Selective Potassium Extraction from K-Feldspar Ore

Thermochemical and Experimental Kinetic Analysis of Potassium Extraction from Ultrapotassic Syenite Using Molten Chloride Salts

Sustainable Process for the Extraction of Potassium from Feldspar Using Eggshell Powder

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