The External Validity of Experiments

Bracht, Glenn H.; Glass, Gene V.

doi:10.2307/1161993

Cited by 125 publications

(133 citation statements)

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“…This requires a strategy that brings the researcher into closer contact with teachers and students as they undertake practical work, collecting data in the teaching laboratory, focusing on observation of actual practices augmented by interviews conducted in the context of these observations. Such a strategy may achieve a higher degree of ecological validity (Bracht and Glass, 1968), that is, external validity and generalisability to other settings. When an interviewee is aware that the interviewer has observed the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 F o r P e e r R e v i e w O n l y 8 practice being discussed, responses are more effectively anchored to realities, and less likely to be 'rhetorical' in nature.…”

Section: Research Strategy and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Practical Work Really Work? A study of the effectiveness of practical work as a teaching and learning method in school science

Abrahams

Millar

2008

International Journal of Science Education

519

384

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Section: Research Strategy and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Practical Work Really Work? A study of the effectiveness of practical work as a teaching and learning method in school science

Abrahams

Millar

2008

International Journal of Science Education

519

384

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“…Thus, a qualitative methodology was deemed the most appropriate means to achieve the research objectives of this study. The basic aim was to understand the context in which interest was created and thus to ensure the 'ecological validity' (Bracht & Glass, 1968) of the results. In this study, multiple methods were used, including content analyses of interview protocols and ethnographic observations of learning activities in zoo and classroom.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Secondary Students’ Situational Interest: A case study of the role of a zoo visit in a biology class

Dohn

2013

International Journal of Science Education

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This paper comprises a presentation of the findings of a case study that investigated how situational factors triggered 12 th grade students' interest during a field trip to a zoo. The purpose was to identify sources of interest and to investigate the attributes that make them interesting. Students' interest was investigated by a descriptive interpretive approach, based on data from classroom and field trip observations, video recording, interviews, and students' work. The findings provided evidence that substantial situational interest can be generated during a fieldtrip to a zoo. Students' interest was triggered by variables such as active involvement (hands-on activities), novelty, surprise, and knowledge acquisition (activities and provided information), and social involvement (opportunities for socialisation). The results show that strong interest is stimulated when several variables are in play simultaneously. The study implies that zoo visits can provide students with affective experiences, which can be a powerful way to stimulate students' learning motivation.

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“…To make this causal inference and attain internal validity, the researcher must control for the influence of extraneous variables that could serve as rival hypotheses explaining the effect of the independent variable (Campbell 1957;Christensen 2004). In order to generalize the results of a study, we must identify a target population of people, settings, treatment variations, outcome measures, and times and then randomly select individuals from these populations so that the sample will be representative of the defined population (Bracht and Glass 1968;Orr 2004).…”

Section: Phase 2: Designing Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Approach for Conducting Construction Management Research: Quasi-Experimentation

Chan

2014

J. Manage. Eng.

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Construction management (CM) as an applied academic discipline has a dual mission of creating scientific knowledge and solving practical problems. To do so, proper research approaches are required.Traditionally, CM research has been based primarily on either quantitative surveys or case studies. In this study, experimentation is advocated as a feasible and reliable approach to conduct CM research.Experimentation facilitates the creation and discovery of knowledge and thus leads to the improvement and development of a real setting. This study describes the underlying philosophy and application procedure of experimentation, and highlights its strengths and weaknesses. The applicability of the approach to CM is illustrated through a case study on heat stress research. The findings indicate that experimentation is a rigorous, structured, and reliable research approach that is viable for conducting CM research, which enables the academia to influence and improve work practice in the construction industry. It also fosters better collaboration between industry practitioners and the academia in the quest for excellence in the industry. Journal of Management inEngineering. Submitted July 1, 2013; accepted October 28, 2013; posted ahead of print October

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The External Validity of Experiments

Cited by 125 publications

References 0 publications

Does Practical Work Really Work? A study of the effectiveness of practical work as a teaching and learning method in school science

Does Practical Work Really Work? A study of the effectiveness of practical work as a teaching and learning method in school science

Upper Secondary Students’ Situational Interest: A case study of the role of a zoo visit in a biology class

Alternative Approach for Conducting Construction Management Research: Quasi-Experimentation

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