The External Nose of Tarsius bancanus borneanus Horsfield, 1821 (Primates, Tarsiiformes)

Hofer, H.

doi:10.1159/000155911

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Until some new correlation of the skull and teeth and the nose in living primates aids the evaluation of fossils (considering caveats such as the one noted below concerning the gap between the upper incisors) this will remain a moot, unprovable point. The important correlates of haplorhinism, i.e., the continuous upper lip and nonglandular nose (the primitive strepsirhine retention of the shape of the nostrils in Tarsius notwithstanding, as noted by Hofer, 1979), are very likely synapomorphies between tarsiids and anthropoids, and the assessment of omomyid ties to anthropoids and Tarsius is entirely independent from this.…”

Section: E Were Adapids Haplorhine and Omomyids Strepsirhine In Theimentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and differentiation of the order primates

Szalay

Rosenberger

Dagosto

1987

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

131

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We contrast our approach to a phylogenetic diagnosis of the order Primates, and its various supraspecific taxa, with definitional procedures. The order, which we divide into the semiorders Paromomyiformes and Euprimates, is clearly diagnosable on the basis of well-corroborated information from the fossil record. Lists of derived features which we hypothesize to have been fixed in the first representative species of the Primates, Euprimates, Strepsirhini, Haplorhini, and Anthropoidea, are presented. Our classification of the order includes both holophyletic and paraphyletic groups, depending on the nature of the available evidence.We discuss in detail the problematic evidence of the basicranium in Paleogene primates and present new evidence for the resolution of previously controversial interpretations. We renew and expand our emphasis on postcranial analysis of fossil and living primates to show the importance of understanding their evolutionary morphology and subsequent to this their use for understanding taxon phylogeny. We reject the much advocated %ladograms first, phylogeny next, and scenario third" approach which maintains that biologically founded character analysis, i.e., functional-adaptive analysis and paleontology, is irrelevant to genealogy hypotheses. Unlike the cladistic rules of operations demand, we advocate and use a priori weighting of characters.We discuss the evidence for the various proposed relationships of the earliest euprimates, the Adapidae and Omomyidae, and show that linking the former with living Strepsirhini and the latter with living Haplorhini does not depend on the assumption of the presence of soft-anatomical characters in the fossils. On the contrary, it is the sharing of derived hard anatomical features of the fossil taxa with the living groups which makes their possession of either strepsirhine or haplorhine "soft" attributes probable.We discuss the relative merits of the use of the grade concept (with its widely recognized implication of polyphyly) in attempts to group primates and maintain that there exists no evidence for either an "archaic primate" or a prosimian or an anthropoid grade. All the characters in the literature attributed to these are inherited from the first representatives of either the semiorder Paromomyiformes or the semiorder Euprimates or the semisuborder Anthropoidea. Consequently, we find neither descriptive nor didactic merit in gradal arrangements, the goals of which can be much better served by a phylogenetic (not cladistic) classification.

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Section: E Were Adapids Haplorhine and Omomyids Strepsirhine In Theimentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and differentiation of the order primates

Szalay

Rosenberger

Dagosto

1987

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

131

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“…Both self-rated [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13] and interviewer-based [1,14,15] instruments, as well as some projective techniques [16,17,18], were developed for its assessment. However, their validity and reliability were often low or not sufficiently examined [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kellner’s Emotional Inhibition Scale: A Clinimetric Approach to Alexithymia Research

Grandi

Sirri

Wise

et al. 2011

Psychother Psychosom

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Background: Emotional inhibition has been an enduring concept in the psychosomatic literature explaining the onset and course of medical disorders. Currently the personality style of alexithymia is a focus of this dimension in psychosomatic theory, while actual conscious emotional inhibition, which may overlap with alexithymia, has received less attention. In the early 80s Robert Kellner developed the Emotional Inhibition Scale (EIS), a self-rating scale for emotional inhibition based on clinimetric principles. In this study we explored whether the EIS differentiated a sample of cardiac recipients from normal controls, as well as the associations between the EIS and 2 measures of alexithymia, i.e. the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) and the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR). We also examined whether the EIS and the TAS-20 were differently related to depressive symptoms measured by the Symptom Questionnaire (SQ). Methods: Ninety-five heart-transplanted patients and a sample of normal controls, matched for sociodemographic variables, were administered the EIS (total score and 4 subscales concerning ‘verbal inhibition’, ‘timidity’, ‘disguise of feelings’, and ‘self-control’), the TAS-20, the SQ, and the Structured Interview according to the DCPR for alexithymia. Results: Cardiac recipients did not display significant differences compared to normal controls in observer (DCPR) and self-rated (TAS-20) measures of alexithymia. There were, however, significant differences in EIS with regard to ‘disguise of feelings’. In both groups the EIS ‘verbal inhibition’ and ‘timidity’ subscales were positively associated with the TAS-20, while the EIS ‘disguise of feelings’ and ‘self-control’ subscales were independent of alexithymia. Depressive symptoms were more related to TAS-20 than EIS total scores. Conclusions: Our results suggest that emotional inhibition and alexithymia are distinct phenomena even though they may share certain features. The EIS appears to be relatively independent of depressed mood and will be useful in assessing the individual’s conscious management of affect in future psychosomatic research.

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“…This species, belonging to the haplorhine primates, has no rhinarium. Instead members of this group have a rounded, hairy, freely movable upper lip (Hofer 1979). As there is no philtrum, the sturdy incisors may stay close together.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%