The Extent to Which Tobacco Marketing and Tobacco Use in Films Contribute to Children's Use of Tobacco

Wellman, Robert J.; Sugarman, David; DiFranza, Joseph R.; Winickoff, Jonathan P.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.160.12.1285

Cited by 149 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Numerous prosmoking messages reach young children through current and classic media and researchers have found a dose-response relationship between such exposure and smoking. 7 A rating system that alerts parents and guardians to this "mature content" could help reduce youth exposure. 30 In addition to public health and policy advocates, this study has implications for pediatric health professionals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 Although many factors are associated with tobacco use, research shows that exposure to, interest in, and positive attitudes about protobacco marketing and media messages are associated with increased odds of youth liking smoking, early initiation, and increased use. 7,8 This phenomenon seems to be global. Studies conducted around the world have found that youth with high exposure and awareness levels to protobacco messaging, whether through advertising, point-of-sale displays, depictions in movies, or promotional materials, are more likely to smoke.…”

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confidence: 99%

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International Reach of Tobacco Marketing Among Young Children

Borzekowski

Cohen

2013

Pediatrics

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Prosmoking messages, delivered through marketing and the media, can reach very young children and influence attitudes and behaviors around smoking. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Marketing of tobacco and cigarette brands has successfully reached young children in low-and middle-income countries. More effective measures are needed to restrict the reach of tobacco marketing. abstract BACKGROUND: Prosmoking messages, delivered through marketing and the media, can reach very young children and influence attitudes and behaviors around smoking. This study examined the reach of tobacco marketing to 5 and 6 year olds in 6 low-and middle-income countries. METHODS:Researchers worked one-on-one with 5 and 6 year olds in Brazil, China, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Russia (N = 2423). The children were asked to match logos with pictures of products, including 8 logos for cigarette brands. Analyses examined, overall and by country, whether gender, age, location, household use of tobacco, and knowledge of media characters were associated with awareness of cigarette brand logos. Additional analyses considered the relationship between cigarette brand logo awareness and intentions to smoke. RESULTS:Overall, 68% of 5 and 6 year olds could identify at least 1 cigarette brand logo, ranging from 50% in Russia to 86% in China. Across countries, being slightly older and having someone in the household who used tobacco, were significantly associated with greater odds of being able to identify at least 1 cigarette brand logo. CONCLUSIONS:The majority of young children from low-and middleincome countries are familiar with cigarette brands. This study' s findings suggest that more effective measures are needed to restrict the reach of tobacco marketing. Pediatrics 2013;132:e825-e831 AUTHORS:

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

International Reach of Tobacco Marketing Among Young Children

Borzekowski

Cohen

2013

Pediatrics

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“…Several factors are involved in influencing youth to experiment with tobacco, including socioenvironmental (eg, advertising/media influences, peer influences, parental influences, ethnic and gender factors), psychological (eg, psychiatric illness or history, child development, weight concerns), and biological (eg, genetics) factors. 8,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Teenagers with at least 1 smoking parent are twice as likely to become smokers compared with teenagers whose parents do not smoke. 39 This is attributed to the availability of tobacco products in the home, modeling of the behavior, and the hypothesized role of nicotine receptor priming as a result of being exposed to nicotine in utero and secondhand smoke after birth.…”

Section: Initiation Of Tobacco Use and Onset Of Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco as a Substance of Abuse

Sims¹

2009

Pediatrics

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Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and death in the United States. Because 80% to 90% of adult smokers began during adolescence, and two thirds became regular, daily smokers before they reached 19 years of age, tobacco use may be viewed as a pediatric disease. Every year in the United States, approximately 1.4 million children younger than 18 years start smoking, and many of them will die prematurely from a smoking-related disease. Moreover, there is recent evidence that adolescents report symptoms of tobacco dependence early in the smoking process, even before becoming daily smokers. The prevalence of tobacco use is higher among teenagers and young adults than among older adult populations. The critical role of pediatricians in helping to reduce tobacco use and addiction and secondhand tobacco-smoke exposure in the pediatric population includes education and prevention, screening and detection, and treatment and referral.

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“…3 Depiction of smoking in movies has been a particularly pernicious influence. 5 Although most of the research on media influences has been conducted in a few high-income countries, distribution of free cigarettes and widespread awareness of tobacco advertisements has been demonstrated among children in Africa. 6,7 Tobacco consumption is a major cause of illness and death.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%