The extent and variability of effects of culture conditions on the secretion of human chorionic gonadotrophin and interleukin-6 by human, term placental explants in culture

Turner, Mark A.; Roulstone, C. J.; Desforges, Michelle; Cretney, M.; Champion, E. E.; Lacey, H; Greenwood, Susan

doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2004.12.004

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It was not due to the cases associated with maternal disease, and indeed larger individual variations in placental responses were observed in term tissue compared with preterm tissue, where the incidence of maternal disease is less common. Large individual placental responses to stimulation are well documented in the literature, where inter-individual coefficients of variation have been reported up to 86% (Turner et al 2006, Scott et al 2011. This is a limitation of studying human placental samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of docosahexaenoic acid on preterm and term placental pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance

2013

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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation in pregnancy may confer some clinical benefits; however, this compound can exert pro-oxidant effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of DHA on pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in term and preterm placental explants, assessing oxidative stress marker concentrations, antioxidant capacity and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Term (nZ8) and preterm (nZ9) placental explants were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 ng/ml), DHA (1, 10 and 100 mM), and DHA and LPS simultaneously or pre-treated with DHA for 24 h prior to LPS treatment. The production of malondialdehyde (MDA, lipid peroxidation), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine (8-OHdG, oxidative DNA damage) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor a (TNFa), interleukin 6 and interferon-g) and total antioxidant capacity were measured. DHA at a concentration of 100 mM induced oxidative stress in term placentas, while at all the three concentrations, it induced oxidative stress in preterm placentas. DHA and LPS resulted in reduced MDA levels in term (P!0.005) and preterm (PZ0.004) placentas and reduced 8-OHdG levels in preterm placentas (PZ0.035). DHA pre-treatment, but not co-treatment with LPS, reduced 8-OHdG levels (P!0.001) in term placentas. DHA increased antioxidant capacity only in term placentas (P!0.001), with lower antioxidant capacity being observed overall in preterm placentas compared with term placentas (P%0.001). In term placentas, but not in preterm ones, DHA co-treatment and pre-treatment reduced LPS-induced TNFa levels. The ability of DHA to alter placental pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance is dependent on the DHA concentration used and the gestational age of the placental tissue. DHA has a greater capacity to increase oxidative stress in preterm placentas, but it offers greater protection against inflammation-induced oxidative stress in term placentas. This appears to be a result of DHA altering placental antioxidant capacity. These data have implications for the timing and concentration of DHA supplementation in pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of docosahexaenoic acid on preterm and term placental pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance

2013

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“…As a result, fetal growth per square centimeter is greater, suggesting there may be an increase in metabolic efficiency at this level. In the mouse, the fetal:placental weight ratio is increased in placental growth restriction resulting from a deletion of function of the insulin-like growth factor-II placenta-specific promoter ( Igf2 P0 ) [42, 43]. In the mouse model, placental growth is restricted up to 71% whereas fetal growth restriction is only 4%, and occurs only midway through gestation [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the mouse, the fetal:placental weight ratio is increased in placental growth restriction resulting from a deletion of function of the insulin-like growth factor-II placenta-specific promoter ( Igf2 P0 ) [42, 43]. In the mouse model, placental growth is restricted up to 71% whereas fetal growth restriction is only 4%, and occurs only midway through gestation [43]. Whereas placental growth is reduced in the P0 transcript knockout, the activity of the System A amino acid transport system, critical to fetal growth, is upregulated [42, 43], suggesting an integrated cascade of mechanisms governing placental structure and function in response to fetal cues of growth and demand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the mouse model, placental growth is restricted up to 71% whereas fetal growth restriction is only 4%, and occurs only midway through gestation [43]. Whereas placental growth is reduced in the P0 transcript knockout, the activity of the System A amino acid transport system, critical to fetal growth, is upregulated [42, 43], suggesting an integrated cascade of mechanisms governing placental structure and function in response to fetal cues of growth and demand. There may be an upper limit to the efficacy of placental adaptations, as reflected by the eventual reduction in fetal weights in the P0 knockout model [42, 43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas placental growth is reduced in the P0 transcript knockout, the activity of the System A amino acid transport system, critical to fetal growth, is upregulated [42, 43], suggesting an integrated cascade of mechanisms governing placental structure and function in response to fetal cues of growth and demand. There may be an upper limit to the efficacy of placental adaptations, as reflected by the eventual reduction in fetal weights in the P0 knockout model [42, 43]. Because fetal growth in the marmoset triplet litter is compromised only later in gestation, it is possible that in the absence of mechanisms such as the expansion of surface area and possible changes in amino acid transport system function, birth weights of triplets would diverge even more from those of twins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Developmental Plasticity of the Microscopic Placental Architecture in Relation to Litter Size Variation in the Common Marmoset Monkey (Callithrix jacchus)

Rutherford¹,

Tardif²

2009

Placenta

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Fetal demand, shaped by factors such as number of fetuses, may alter placental regulation of exchange, even when maternal nutrition restriction is not overt. The marmoset is an interesting model in which to examine this aspect of placental function due to unique placentation that leads to multiple fetuses sharing a unified placental mass. We demonstrated previously that the triplet marmoset placenta exhibits significantly higher efficiency than does the twin placenta. Here, we test the hypothesis that this increased efficiency is due to changes in the microscopic morphology of the placenta. Stereology was employed to analyze the microscopic architecture of placentas from twin and triplet pregnancies. Compartments of interest were the trabeculae, intertrabecular space, fetal capillaries, and the surface area of the maternal-fetal interface. Placentas from the two litters did not differ significantly in overall volume or individual volumetric compartments, but triplet placentas exhibited significant expansion of the trabecular surface area in comparison to twins (p=0.039). Further, the two groups differed in the isomorphy coefficient, with triplet placentas having a significantly higher coefficient (p=0.001) and potentially a more complex microscopic topography. Differences in the maternal-fetal interface may be due to developmental constraints on gross placental growth that occur earlier in gestation, such that the only option for maintaining sufficient access to maternal resources or signaling pathways late in gestation is via an expansion of the interface. Despite the significant increase in overall surface area, individual triplet fetuses are associated with much less surface area than are individual twins, suggestive of alterations in metabolic efficiency, perhaps via differential amino acid transport regulation.

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The presence of maternal asthma during pregnancy suppresses the placental pro-inflammatory response to an immune challenge in vitro

Scott¹,

Hodyl²,

Osei-Kumah³

et al. 2011

Placenta

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The extent and variability of effects of culture conditions on the secretion of human chorionic gonadotrophin and interleukin-6 by human, term placental explants in culture

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Differential effects of docosahexaenoic acid on preterm and term placental pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance

Differential effects of docosahexaenoic acid on preterm and term placental pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance

Developmental Plasticity of the Microscopic Placental Architecture in Relation to Litter Size Variation in the Common Marmoset Monkey (Callithrix jacchus)

The presence of maternal asthma during pregnancy suppresses the placental pro-inflammatory response to an immune challenge in vitro

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