The expression of xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochromes P450 in fetal tissues

Novel Pathway of Metabolic Activation of Bisphenol A-Related Compounds for Estrogenic Activity

“…Blood concentration of BPA in newborn was predicted to be three times greater than that in adult (Mielke and Gundert-Remy, 2009). Although the activity of P450-dependent xenobiotic metabolism in the rodent fetal liver is limited compared with the adult liver, some forms of P450 are only expressed in late gestation (Cresteil et al, 1986;Raucy and Carpenter, 1993). Furthermore, in contrast to rodents, human fetal liver exhibits a significant metabolizing capacity for xenobiotics (Hakkola et al, 1998;Ring et al, 1999) and expresses certain isoforms of P450, such as CYP3A7 (Kitada et al, 1987).…”

Assessment of the Developmental Toxicity, Metabolism, and Placental Transfer of N,N-Dimethylformamide Administered to Pregnant Rats

“…Oxidation of DMF is mediated by the P450 system in various tissues of adult animals, and cytochrome P450 2E] is believed to play an important role (Mraz et al, 1993;Chieli et ai, 1995). Hitherto, there is little evidence for the expression of P450 2E r related isoforms in mammalian conceptus tissues, although several other P450 isozymes are known to be expressed prenatally in rodents and humans (Nau and Neubert, 1978;Jones et al, 1992;Juchau et al, 1992;Borlakoglu et al, 1993;Raucy and Carpenter, 1993;Cederbaum, 1993a,b, 1996;Casazza et al, 1994;Hakkola et al, 1994;Pasanen and Pelkonen, 1994;Miller etal, 1996).…”

Drug Metabolic Enzymes in Developmental Toxicology

“…During this period, the conceptus is referred to as an embryo; following organogenesis, the prenatal conceptus is referred to as a fetus. Several studies of conceptal xenobiotic biotransformation have been reported during the fetal period (reviewed by Raucy and Carpenter, 1993) but only a very few have been reported during the embryonic period. Our studies of P450-dependent biotransformation in organogenesis-stage embryonic tissues of humans were motivated by earlier observations (reviewed by Juchau et al, 1992) that extremely low levels of P450 isoforms in rodent embryos were still sufficient to catalyze bioactivation to the extent that grossly observable and profound abnormalities resulted from the bioactivation process.…”

“…Previous studies by several laboratories have provided strong evidence for the presence of multiple forms of CYP in the developing organism (see the following review articles: Pelkonen, 1985;Anderson et al, 1989;Juchau et al, 1989Juchau et al, , 1992Raucy and Carpenter, 1993;Miller, 1994). Recent advances in molecular biological techniques have now made it possible to determine the role of CYP both in normal gestational development and in the toxification/detoxification of environmental contaminants.…”