The expression of tenascin‐C and tenascin‐W in human ossicles

Abstract

The ossicles of the middle ear (the malleus, incus and stapes) transmit forces resulting from vibrations of the tympanic membrane to the cochlea where they are coded as sound. Hearing loss can result from diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that affect the joints between the ossicles or degenerative processes like otosclerosis that lead to ankylosis of the footplate of the stapes in the oval window of the cochlea. In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to determine if the extracellular matrix glycoproteins tenascin-C or tenascin-W are expressed in the incudomalleolar and incudostapedial joints of ossicles dissected from human cadavers. Tenascin-C, which is expressed during inflammatory conditions including RA, was seen in the articular cartilage of the incudomalleolar joints and the head of the stapes. Tenascin-W, in contrast, was enriched in the annular ligament that anchors the footplate of the stapes into the oval window of the cochlea.

Tenascin-W: Discovery, Evolution, and Future Prospects

“…To date, the only evidence of tenascin-W expression in the central nervous system comes from Neidhardt et al (4). Others found that the primary sites of expression are developing palate, bone and smooth muscle, certain stem cell niches, and in adult kidney, spleen, and periosteum (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). The absence of significant tenascin-W expression in brain parenchyme was confirmed by the tissue-based map of the human proteome published by Uhleń at el.…”

The Expression and Possible Functions of Tenascin-W During Development and Disease

“…In the adult mouse tenascin-W expression is observed in periostea, kidney, spleen (Neidhardt et al, 2003; Scherberich et al, 2004) and stem cell niches (see below). Tenascin-W is also seen in some adult human periostea (Tucker et al, 2016).…”

A Study on Thermodiffusion in Ternary Liquid Mixtures Using Enhanced Molecular Dynamics Algorithm with Experimental Validation

“…Consequently, scientists in computational fields have tried to unfold the riddle of Soret effect mechanism in molecular level via molecular dynamics (MD) methods. [34][35][36][37][38] MD techniques can be categorized into two main types: equilibriummolecular dynamics (EMD), [39] and non-equilibrium-molecular dynamics NEMD. [40] EMD approaches anticipate the transport properties of a system through using the Green Kubo formula in the absence of any agitated fields wherein the dynamic properties are associated with the integral of autocorrelation of flow quantities.…”