The expression of interleukin-6 and its receptor in various brain regions and their roles in exploratory behavior and stress responses

Aniszewska, Agata; Natalia, Chlodzinska; Bartkowska, Katarzyna; Winnicka, Maria M.; Turlejski, K; Djavadian, R

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.05.001

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…To validate the mKATE2/IL-6 reporter, we compared the reporter mouse staining with IL-6 immunoreactivity in wild type mice. For this, we used a comercial polyclonal anti-IL-6 antibody that showed little immunostaining in IL-6-/-mice [9]. Co-staining with this antibody in mKATE2/IL-6 mice, "RedIL6 mice", showed that almost all cells in PBNel visualized in the RedIL6 reporter mouse were also stained by the antibody (Fig 1A-B).…”

Section: Results Validation Of "Redil6" Mkate2-il-6 Reporter Mousementioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, when interacting with hormones with metabolically stimulating effects such as glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), IL-6 seems to accentuate their effects on metabolism [4][5][6][7][8]. It is known that this multifunctional cytokine has widespread sites of synthesis, being produced in immune cells, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle during exercise, but also in the CNS [4,[9][10][11][12]. The clinical implications of stimulation and inhibition of the IL-6 receptor alpha (IL-6Rα) is a topic of ongoing studies [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-, but not Growth and Differentiation Factor 15-, Receptor Activation Increases the Number of Interleukin-6-Expressing Cells in the External Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus

et al. 2019

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List of non-standard abbreviations CGRP-calcitonin gene related peptide Ex4-exendin-4 GDF15-growth and differentiation factor 15 GFRAL-GDNF family receptor alpha-like GLP-1-glucagon like peptide 1 GLP-1R-glucagon like peptide 1 receptor IL-6Rα-interleukin-6 receptor alpha MIC1-macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 NTS-nucleus of the solitary tract PBN-parabrachial nucleus PBNel-external lateral parabrachial nucleus RFP-red fluorescent protein STAT3-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

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Section: Results Validation Of "Redil6" Mkate2-il-6 Reporter Mousementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-, but not Growth and Differentiation Factor 15-, Receptor Activation Increases the Number of Interleukin-6-Expressing Cells in the External Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus

et al. 2019

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“…Given their different roles and functions, numerous data from the literature concur that molecular impacts of stress and antidepressants are brain region-specific, with different therapeutic targets for each brain area (Alboni et al, 2010;Alboni et al, 2017a,b;Surget et al, 2009). Area specific effect on IL-6 transcription may affect different functions (Aniszewska et al, 2015), however the decrease in IL-6 mRNA was not complemented by detectable changes in IL-6 receptors and SOCS3, a STAT3 target gene or in IL-6 protein levels (Girotti et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular changes associated with escitalopram response in a stress-based model of depression

Benatti

Alboni

Blom

et al. 2018

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Converging evidence points at hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity and neuroinflammation as important factors involved in the etiopathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and in therapeutic efficacy of antidepressants. In this study, we examined the molecular effects associated with a response to a week-long treatment with escitalopram in the chronic escape deficit (CED) model, a validated model of depression based on the induction of an escape deficit after exposure of rats to an unavoidable stress. We confirmed our previous result that a treatment with escitalopram (10mg/kg) was effective after 7days in reverting the stress-induced escape deficit in approximately 50% of the animals, separating responders from non-responders. Expression of markers of HPA axis functionality as well as several inflammatory mediators were evaluated in the hypothalamus, a key structure integrating signals from the neuro, immune, endocrine systems. In the hypothalamus of responder animals we observed a decrease in the expression of CRH and its receptors and an increase in GR protein in total and nuclear extracts; this effect was accompanied by a significant decrease in circulating corticosterone in the same cohort. Hypothalamic IL-1β and TNFα expression were increased in stressed animals, while CXCL2, IL-6, and ADAM17 mRNA levels were decreased in escitalopram treated rats regardless of the treatment response. These data suggest that efficacy of a one week treatment with escitalopram may be partially mediated by a decrease HPA axis activity, while in the hypothalamus the drug-induced effects on the expression of immune modulators did not correlate with the behavioural outcome.

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“…Regarding the functional connectivity between mPFC and thalamus there was no relation to IL-6 which may be related to the heterogeneity of IL-6 distribution within the brain. For instance, rodent studies revealed high levels of IL-6 mRNA and IL6 receptor mRNA expressions in some brain regions, including the hippocampus, if compared to other brain regions (Schobitz et al, 1993; Gadient and Otten, 1994; Aniszewska et al, 2015). Together, we found that the functioning in the mPFC-thalamus-hippocampus axis is negatively related to inflammation, extending the previous findings of Harrison and colleagues to episodic memory processes in the elderly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic Activity in the Healthy Elderly Is Associated with Larger Plasticity in Memory Related Brain Structures and Lower Systemic Inflammation

Thielen

Kärgel

Müller

et al. 2016

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Cognitive abilities decline over the time course of our life, a process, which may be mediated by brain atrophy and enhanced inflammatory processes. Lifestyle factors, such as regular physical activities have been shown to counteract those noxious processes and are assumed to delay or possibly even prevent pathological states, such as dementing disorders. Whereas the impact of lifestyle and immunological factors and their interactions on cognitive aging have been frequently studied, their effects on neural parameters as brain activation and functional connectivity are less well studied. Therefore, we investigated 32 healthy elderly individuals (60.4 ± 5.0 SD; range 52–71 years) with low or high level of self-reported aerobic physical activity at the time of testing. A higher compared to a lower level in aerobic physical activity was associated with an increased encoding related functional connectivity in an episodic memory network comprising mPFC, thalamus, hippocampus precuneus, and insula. Moreover, encoding related functional connectivity of this network was associated with decreased systemic inflammation, as measured by systemic levels of interleukin 6.

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The expression of interleukin-6 and its receptor in various brain regions and their roles in exploratory behavior and stress responses

Cited by 38 publications

References 44 publications

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-, but not Growth and Differentiation Factor 15-, Receptor Activation Increases the Number of Interleukin-6-Expressing Cells in the External Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-, but not Growth and Differentiation Factor 15-, Receptor Activation Increases the Number of Interleukin-6-Expressing Cells in the External Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus

Molecular changes associated with escitalopram response in a stress-based model of depression

Aerobic Activity in the Healthy Elderly Is Associated with Larger Plasticity in Memory Related Brain Structures and Lower Systemic Inflammation

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