Abstract:This paper addresses the specificities of online hate speech against the Afro-descendant, Roma, and LGBTQ+
communities in Portugal. The research is based on the analysis of CO-HATE, a corpus composed of 20,590 YouTube comments, which
were manually annotated following detailed guidelines created for that purpose. We applied methods from corpus
linguistics to assess the prevalence of overt and covert hate speech, counter-speech, and offensive speech, considering different
grounds of discrimin… Show more
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