The Expression of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) and Its Regulation by Ovarian Steroids in Rat Uterine Stromal Cells

Abstract

The effects of ovarian steroids on the expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in rat uterus were examined. Intense expression of GM-CSF mRNA was dispersedly located in the endometrial-myometrial junction and stroma of the uterus. GM-CSF was immunohistochemically localized in stromal cells and luminal epithelium. Ovariectomy significantly reduced the appearance of GM-CSF-mRNA-positive cells and the levels of expression for GM-CSF mRNA in the whole uterus, whereas treatment with 17beta-estradiol (E2) or a combination of E2 and progesterone (P4) for 5 days on ovariectomized animals recruited GM-CSF-mRNA-positive cells and stimulated its expression. The combined treatment with E2 and P4 also stimulates the expression for GM-CSF mRNA and the production of immunoreactive GM-CSF in the stromal tissues. These data suggest that the expression of GM-CSF in uterine stromal cells is partially regulated by ovarian steroids.

Differential regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis to IL‐8 and fMLP by GM‐CSF: lack of direct effect of oestradiol

“…13 Additionally, both these cell types make GM-CSF. 11 The chemokine and cytokine environment that exists in the female reproductive tract and the means through which it drives neutrophil functional activation have yet to be elucidated.…”

“…Keywords: chemotaxis; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; interleukin-8; N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine; mitogen-activated protein kinase; signalling 9 GM-CSF is produced by the tissues of the female reproductive tract 10 and its synthesis is now known to be hormonally regulated, at least in rodents. 11 Female reproductive tract tissues that produce IL-8 are also reported to produce GM-CSF. Indeed, we showed in an earlier report that the potent chemoattractant properties of female reproductive tract epithelial cell secretions were a result of synergy between IL-8 and GM-CSF produced by epithelial cells.…”

Effect of Etidronate on Aortic Calcification and Bone Metabolism in Calcitoriol-Treated Rats With Subtotal Nephrectomy

“…The tissues were parraffinembedded using a paraffin infiltration device (Tissue Tec VIP; Miles and Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo), and the cross sections at 4-µm intervals were prepared on poly-L-lysine-coated slides (Matsunami, Kishiwada) (16). Ca in tissues was stained by the von Kossa method (17).…”

Theoretical Basis for Herbal Medicines, Tokishakuyaku‐San and Sairei‐To, in the Treatment of Recurrent Abortion: Enhancing the Production of Granulocyte–Macrophage Colony‐Stimulating Factor in Decidual Stromal Cells

“…Recently, increasing evidences have suggested that GM‐CSF works as a potentially important mediator for intercellular communication in reproduction. The cyclic expression of GM‐CSF in endemetrium controlled by ovarian steroid hormones has been reported 4 . In human endometrium, mRNA expression of GM‐CSF reaches a peak in mid‐secretory phase 5 .…”