The expression of detoxification genes in two maize cultivars by interaction of isoxadifen-ethyl and nicosulfuron

Sun, Lanlan; Xu, Hongle; Su, Wangcang; Xue, Fei; An, Shiheng; Lu, Chuantao; RenHai, Wu

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.05.025

Cited by 27 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…52 It was shown that isoxadifen-ethyl increased the expression of ZmGSTIV, ZmGST6 and ZmGST31 genes and GST enzyme activity. 44,52 In the present study, the resistant biotype overexpressed nearly four times the GST1 and three times the GSTF1 after fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + isoxadifen-ethyl compared with the susceptible control. Both GST1 and GSTF1 were constitutively overexpressed in the SANTPAT-R biotype since the expression was higher in the untreated plants in comparison with the RIOPAR-S biotype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

“…Safener pathways of induction are not well understood, but studies suggest that they are related to cytP450, GST, glycosyltransferase (GT) and ABC transporter enzymes. 22,[42][43][44] The safener isoxadifen-ethyl allows the selective use of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl in rice. 15,45 The effect of this safener occurs for multiple crops for multiple herbicide modes of action, such as rice to fenoxapropp-ethyl, 45 corn to foramsulfuron 46 and tembotrione.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Safener pathways of induction are not well understood, but studies suggest that they are related to cytP450, GST, glycosyl‐transferase (GT) and ABC transporter enzymes 22,42–44 . The safener isoxadifen‐ethyl allows the selective use of fenoxaprop‐ p ‐ethyl in rice 15,45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The safener isoxadifen‐ethyl confers fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl resistance on a biotype of Echinochloa crus‐galli

Cutti

Rigon

Girelli

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Some herbicides are commercially formulated with safeners to increase crop selectivity. Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl is formulated with the safener isoxadifen-ethyl for Echinochloa crus-galli control in rice. Safeners act on crops by increasing herbicide metabolism, but this effect may also occur in weeds. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the safener isoxadifen-ethyl on the resistance to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl in a biotype of E. crus-galli.RESULTS: A screening of 52 biotypes identified lack of control in the biotype SANTPAT-R treated with the recommended dose of 69 g ha −1 of the commercial formulation of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl with the safener isoxadifen-ethyl. While this biotype survived doses greater than 2208 g ha −1 of the formulation fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + isoxadifen-ethyl, it was killed with 69 g ha −1 of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl without the safener. A glutathione-s-transferase (GST) enzymes inhibitor reduced the resistance factor in two dose-response curves. A minor effect of a CytP450 inhibitor was observed. The previous spraying of the safener isoxadifen-ethyl followed by fenoxaprop-p-ethyl induced survival in the resistant but not in the susceptible biotype. The GST1 and GSTF1 genes were up-regulated in the resistant biotype. ACCase gene mutations were not found, and no cross-resistance to other ACCase inhibitors was identified.CONCLUSION: The safener isoxadifen-ethyl present in the commercial herbicide formulation of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl is associated with resistance in the E. crus-galli SANTPAT-R biotype. This resistance is related with herbicide metabolization mediated by GST pathways. This is the first field-selected weed biotype with herbicide resistance due to safener presence in the sprayed formulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The safener isoxadifen‐ethyl confers fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl resistance on a biotype of Echinochloa crus‐galli

Cutti

Rigon

Girelli

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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“…The primary mechanism for safener action is the enhancement of herbicide detoxification in safened plants [21]. The ability of safeners to enhance glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity has been particularly well described in rice, maize, and wheat, among other crops [25][26][27]. In these cases, safener treatments may induce transcriptional activation of specific GST genes and enhance the glutathione S-transferase (GST) expression of the respective enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of herbicides with glutathione (GSH) in crop plants to detoxify them [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Lead Discovery of Herbicide Safener for Metolachlor Based on a Scaffold-Hopping Strategy

et al. 2020

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The use of herbicide safeners can significantly alleviate herbicide injury to protect crop plants and expand the application scope of the existing herbicides in the field. Sanshools, which are well known as spices, are N-alkyl substituted compounds extracted from the Zanthoxylum species and have several essential physiological and pharmacological functions. Sanshools display excellent safener activity for the herbicide metolachlor in rice seedlings. However, the high cost of sanshools extraction and difficulties in the synthesis of their complicated chemical structures limit their utilization in agricultural fields. Thus, the present study designed and synthesized various N-alkyl amide derivatives via the scaffold-hopping strategy to solve the challenge of complicated structures and find novel potential safeners for the herbicide metolachlor. In total, 33 N-alkyl amide derivatives (2a–k, 3a–k, and 4a–k) were synthesized using amines and saturated and unsaturated fatty acids as starting materials through acylation and condensation. The identity of all the target compounds was well confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The primary evaluation of safener activities for the compounds by the agar method indicated that most of the target compounds could protect rice seedlings from injury caused by metolachlor. Notably, compounds 2k and 4k displayed excellent herbicide safener activities on plant height and demonstrated relatively similar activities to the commercialized compound dichlormid. Moreover, we showed that compounds 2k and 4k had higher glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities in rice seedlings, compared to the metolachlor treatment. In particular, 2k and 4k are safer for aquatic organisms than dichlormid. Results from the current work exhibit that compounds 2k and 4k have excellent crop safener activities toward rice and can, thus, be promising candidates for further structural optimization in rice protection.

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“…H 2 O 2 can be subsequently detoxified by two types of enzymes -CAT and POD -and is reduced to water by ascorbate peroxidase (APX), utilizing ascorbate (as a specific electron donor). Utilizing their biotransformation strategy, plants first convert pesticides into a less-toxic product by oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis, then conjugate pesticide metabolite through glutathione-S transferase and uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferase into sugar, amino acid or glutathione, and finally transport these metabolites from plants' cytosol to the vacuoles and apoplasts [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide-Induced Physiological, Metabolic and Ultramorphological Alterations in Leaves of Young Maize Seedlings

Lei¹,

Raza²,

Deeba³

et al. 2020

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Pesticides are usually used to eliminate weeds and insects to improve crop quality and yield. The present study was undertaken to explore pesticides (Lambda cyhalotherin (LC) and Emamectin benzoate (EB)) related physiological, biochemical and ultrastructural changes in leaves of maize seedlings at different concentrations of LC and EB both singly (LC 100 , LC 500 , LC 800 , EB 100 , EB 300 , EB 600 mg/L) and jointly (LC 500 + EB 300 mg/L) along with control. Germination percentage, root stem and leaf lengths increased at lower concentrations of both pesticides and significantly decreased with the increase in the external application of pesticides. At higher concentrations of LC and EB (i.e., LC 800 and EB 600 mg/L) the mean values of growth and biomass of maize leaves were lower than control. Also, decreases in photosynthetic pigments and ion concentration of Na 1+ , Ca 2+ and K 1+ were significant when the concentration of both pesticides increased. The melondialdehyde (MDA) contents decreased, while the amount of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) production increased at higher doses in cases of single and joint applications. With the increase in their concentrations, the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were found to be pronouncedly enhanced as compared to control. Ultrastructural alterations in mesophyll cells of maize leaf were mostly found in chloroplast and nucleus. The present study revealed that short-term exposure of maize

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The expression of detoxification genes in two maize cultivars by interaction of isoxadifen-ethyl and nicosulfuron

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

The safener isoxadifen‐ethyl confers fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl resistance on a biotype of Echinochloa crus‐galli

The safener isoxadifen‐ethyl confers fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl resistance on a biotype of Echinochloa crus‐galli

New Lead Discovery of Herbicide Safener for Metolachlor Based on a Scaffold-Hopping Strategy

Pesticide-Induced Physiological, Metabolic and Ultramorphological Alterations in Leaves of Young Maize Seedlings

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