The expression of anaerobic metabolites in sweat and sebum from human skin subjected to intermittent and continuous mechanical loading

Soetens, J.F.J.; Worsley, Peter; Herniman, Julie; Langley, G. John; Bader, Dan L.; Oomens, C.W.J.

doi:10.1016/j.jtv.2019.10.001

Cited by 12 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, PIV by vascular smooth muscle tone appears to compensate for loads up to a threshold between 60 and 90 mmHg in most cases, a finding that has also been demonstrated in the microvascular response in animal models, for example, threshold of 70 mmHg in murine model 23 . Similar pressures have been reported to cause local ischemia and inflammation, 5,24 with an accumulation of metabolites associated with a change from aerobic to anaerobic cellular respiration 5,25 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…First, ischemic damage from the occlusion of blood and lymph vessels, which occurs at relatively low internal tissue strains. The resulting deficit of vital nutrients and accumulation of toxic metabolites lead to tissue damage, a process that can take several hours to develop 5 . Alternatively, direct cell damage resulting from high internal strains can occur within tens of minutes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An evaluation of dermal microcirculatory occlusion under repeated mechanical loads: Implication of lymphatic impairment in pressure ulcers

et al. 2020

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Objective Pressure ulcers are caused by prolonged mechanical loads deforming the underlying soft tissues. However, the mechanical loads for microcirculatory occlusion are unknown. The present study was designed to characterize the simultaneous response of microvascular and lymphatic structures under repeated mechanical loading. Methods The effects of two distinct loading/unloading cycles involving (a) incremental pressures 30, 60, and 90 mmHg and (b) three repeated cycles of 30 mmHg were evaluated on a cohort of able‐bodied volunteers. Microvascular response involved the monitoring of transcutaneous gas tensions, while dermal lymphatic activity was estimated from near‐infrared imaging. Responses were compared during each load and recovery cycle. Results Changes in microvascular response were dependent on the load magnitudes, with 30 mmHg resulting in a reduction in oxygen tension only, while 90 mmHg affected both oxygen and carbon dioxide values in most cases (54%). By contrast, lymphatics revealed near total occlusion at 30 mmHg. Although there were intersubject differences, temporal trends consistently revealed partial or full impairment under load, with recovery during off‐loading. Conclusions The pressure required to cause microcirculatory occlusion differed between individuals, with lymphatic impairment occurring at a lower pressure to that of microvascular vessels. This highlights the need for personalized care strategies and regular off‐loading of vulnerable tissues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of dermal microcirculatory occlusion under repeated mechanical loads: Implication of lymphatic impairment in pressure ulcers

et al. 2020

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“…In this study, however, the effect of ethnicity was not investigated due to the preponderance of Caucasian participants (10/11). In this study, skin response was investigated using a number of established measurement techniques, although further work could involve the use of biomarkers which have been shown to reflect the status of skin integrity (Minematsu et al, 2014;Soetens et al, 2019b). In some cases, such as with SLS and tape stripping, recovery was not achieved after 3 h. This time period was considered relevant for participant studies and representative of clinical schedules for skin assessment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a number of studies, erythema has been used as an independent prognostic factor of PU incidence (Shi et al, 2020;Vanderwee et al, 2007). In an alternative approach, inflammatory markers and metabolites such as IL-1alpha and lactate, respectively, have been used to detect early signs of skin damage (Kimura et al, 2019;Soetens et al, 2019b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The identification of biophysical parameters which reflect skin status following mechanical and chemical insults

Jayabal

Bates‐Jensen

Abiakam

et al. 2021

Clin Physio Funct Imaging

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“…These shear forces are the result of an interplay between the surface and the material properties of both the skin and the respective counter surface, the local environment, as well as the operational parameters such as the contact pressure and the sliding velocity. The forces acting on the skin are also known to potentially cause discomfort [1][2][3][4][5] and may even result in tissue injury such as blisters, tears and ulcers [6][7][8][9][10]. The effects of these parameters have been described extensively in literature and have been summarised by Derler et al [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sebum properties on skin friction: investigation using a bench test

Korbeld

Klaassen

Jobanputra

et al. 2020

Biosurface and Biotribology

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The hydro lipid film is an emulsion of sweat and sebum that covers the surface of the human skin and affects the tribological properties of the human skin. This study investigates the effects of the composition of the sebum on the average coefficient of friction. A range of simplified sebums was developed and the friction behaviour was investigated. Five realistic sebums showed a strong variation in friction results, indicating that interpersonal differences in frictional behaviour might have their origin in differences in sebum composition. A more detailed investigation employing controlled variations of individual ingredients showed that friction is highly sensitive to the amount of squalene in the sebum. The amount of fatty acids in the sebum also showed some effects, whilst the amount of cholesterol does not appear to be relevant for the friction behaviour. The main new outcome from this study is that the composition of sebum has a significant effect on the friction response of skin in ways that are currently not yet fully understood.

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The expression of anaerobic metabolites in sweat and sebum from human skin subjected to intermittent and continuous mechanical loading

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

An evaluation of dermal microcirculatory occlusion under repeated mechanical loads: Implication of lymphatic impairment in pressure ulcers

An evaluation of dermal microcirculatory occlusion under repeated mechanical loads: Implication of lymphatic impairment in pressure ulcers

The identification of biophysical parameters which reflect skin status following mechanical and chemical insults

Effects of sebum properties on skin friction: investigation using a bench test

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