The Expression of Adipogenic Genes in Adipose Tissues of Feedlot Steers Fed Supplementary Palm Oil or Soybean Oil

Abstract

We hypothesized that supplementing finishing diets with palm oil would promote adipogenic gene expression and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene expression in subcutaneous (s.c.) and intramuscular (i.m.) adipose tissues of feedlot steers. Eighteen Angus and Angus crossbred steers were assigned to three groups of 6 steers and fed a basal diet (control), with 3% palm oil, or with 3% soybean oil, for 70 d, top-dressed daily. Tailhead s.c. adipose tissue was obtained by biopsy at 14 d before the initiation of dietary treatments and at 35 d of dietary treatments. At slaughter, after 70 d of dietary treatment, tailhead s.c. adipose tissue and i.m. adipose tissue were obtained from the longissimus thoracis muscle. Palm oil increased plasma palmitic acid and soybean oil increased plasma linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid relative to the initial sampling time. Expression of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) increased between the initial and intermediate biopsies and declined thereafter (p<0.03). SCD gene expression did not change between the initial and intermediate biopsies but declined by over 75% by the final period (p = 0.04), and G-coupled protein receptor 43 (GPR43) gene expression was unaffected by diet or time on trial. Soybean oil decreased (p = 0.01) PPARγ gene expression at the intermediate sample time. At the terminal sample time, PPARγ and SCD gene expression was less in i.m. adipose tissue than in s.c. adipose tissue (p<0.05). AMPKα gene expression was less in s.c. adipose tissue of palm oil-fed steers than in control steers (p = 0.04) and CCAAT enhancer binding protein-beta (CEBPβ) gene expression was less in s.c. and i.m. adipose tissues of palm oil-fed steers than in soybean oil-fed steers (p<0.03). Soybean oil decreased SCD gene expression in s.c. adipose tissue (p = 0.05); SCD gene expression in palm oil-fed steers was intermediate between control and soybean oil-fed steers. Contrary to our original hypothesis, palm oil did not promote adipogenic gene expression in s.c. and i.m. adipose tissue.

Carcass and Meat Characteristics and Gene Expression in Intramuscular Adipose Tissue of Korean Native Cattle Fed Finishing Diets Supplemented with 5% Palm Oil

“…As in our study with Angus crossbred cattle (Choi et al , 2016), supplemental palm oil decreased C/EBPß gene expression and caused a small decrease in SCD gene expression. The marked increase in AMPKα gene expression in i.m.…”

“…Similarly, supplemental palm oil decreased the SCD index (ratio of palmitoleic acid:stearic acid) from 0.49 to 0.32 in the previous study (Choi et al , 2016) and from 0.39 to 0.34 in the current study. Adipose tissue is the primary site for SCD activity (St John et al , 1991) and SCD gene expression increases with time on a finishing diet (Adams et al , 2010).…”

The Lentiviral System Construction for Highly Expressed Porcine Stearoyl‐CoA Desaturase‐1 and Functional Characterization in Stably Transduced Porcine Swine Kidney Cells

“…The functionality of pSCD1 in SK6 and SK6‐I‐ pSCD1 cells was assessed by fatty‐acid analysis in the absence or the presence of supplemental palmitic acid and an inhibitor of SCD1 activity. We previously had demonstrated that supplemental palmitic acid enhanced bovine SCD1 gene expression, putatively through interaction with the intrinsic SCD1 promoter (Choi et al, ). Therefore, we first established the effect of supplemental palmitic acid and SCD1 inhibitor treatment in SK6 and SK6‐I‐ pSCD1 cells on pSCD1 gene expression.…”

Nutrigenomics in livestock—recent advances

“…In animals fed palm oil, the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) decreased in subcutaneous adipose tissue, while the mRNA level of CCAAT enhancer binding proteinbeta (CEBPβ) reduced in both adipose depots. The soybean oil led to a decreased SCD transcript level in the subcutaneous adipose more effectively than did the palm oil, undermining the original hypothesis, which assumed the crucial role of palm oil in promoting adipogenesis (Choi et al 2016). The n-3 PUFA-enriched fish oil diet in cattle also reduced the expression of SCD and SREBF1 genes in muscle, though the expression of both genes was positively correlated with n-6 PUFA muscle content (Waters et al 2009).…”

“…Beef ruminants postnatal feeding: fat source Differences in the composition and content of fatty acid in an experimental diet can alter the fatty acid profile in the beef via changes to the lipid metabolism gene expression, which could result in benefits as healthier meat. The effect of oil supplementation on cattle has been studied by Choi et al (2016), who supplied animals with soybean oil (rich in PUFA) and palm oil (high in oleic acid) on the assumption that the palm oil would promote the expression of adipogenic genes in subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose depots. In animals fed palm oil, the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) decreased in subcutaneous adipose tissue, while the mRNA level of CCAAT enhancer binding proteinbeta (CEBPβ) reduced in both adipose depots.…”