Abstract:Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed, endogenous non-coding RNAs and certain circRNAs are linked to human tumors. Owing to their circular form, circRNAs are protected from degradation by exonucleases, and therefore, they are more stable than linear RNAs. Many circRNAs have been shown to sponge microRNAs, interact with RNA-binding proteins, regulate gene transcription, and be translated into proteins. Mounting evidence suggests that circRNAs are dysregulated in cancer tissues and can mediate various s… Show more
“…circRNAs have been reported to participate in the initiation and progression of sepsis, 43 schizophrenia, depression, 44 inflammatory bowel disease, 45 autoimmune diseases, 46 and especially human cancers. 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate that they are also potential therapeutic targets. Since our results showed that circRIMS1 was remarkably overexpressed in bladder cancer, siRNA targeting its back-splice junction might represent a novel therapeutic method.…”
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a subclass of noncoding RNAs, are reportedly involved in the progression of various diseases. However, the exact role of circRIMS1, also termed hsa_circ_0132246, in human bladder cancer remains unknown. By performing RNA sequencing comparing bladder cell lines and normal uroepithelial cells, circRIMS1 was selected as a research object. We further verified by qRT-PCR that circRIMS1 is upregulated in both bladder cancer tissue and cell lines. Proliferation, colony-formation, Transwell migration, invasion, apoptosis, western blotting, and
in vivo
experiments were utilized to clarify the roles of circRIMS1, microRNA (miR)-433-3p, and cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 1 (CCAR1). For mechanistic investigation, RNA pulldown, fluorescence
in situ
hybridization (FISH), and luciferase reporter assay confirmed the binding of circRIMS1 with miR-433-3p. Inhibition of circRIMS1 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of bladder cancer cells both
in vitro
and
in vivo
. Moreover, the circRIMS1/miR-433-3p/CCAR1 regulatory axis was confirmed to be responsible for the biological functions of circRIMS1. Taken together, our research demonstrated that circRIMS1 promotes tumor growth, migration, and invasion through the miR-433-3p/CCAR1 regulatory axis, representing a potential therapeutic target and biomarker in bladder cancer.
“…circRNAs have been reported to participate in the initiation and progression of sepsis, 43 schizophrenia, depression, 44 inflammatory bowel disease, 45 autoimmune diseases, 46 and especially human cancers. 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate that they are also potential therapeutic targets. Since our results showed that circRIMS1 was remarkably overexpressed in bladder cancer, siRNA targeting its back-splice junction might represent a novel therapeutic method.…”
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a subclass of noncoding RNAs, are reportedly involved in the progression of various diseases. However, the exact role of circRIMS1, also termed hsa_circ_0132246, in human bladder cancer remains unknown. By performing RNA sequencing comparing bladder cell lines and normal uroepithelial cells, circRIMS1 was selected as a research object. We further verified by qRT-PCR that circRIMS1 is upregulated in both bladder cancer tissue and cell lines. Proliferation, colony-formation, Transwell migration, invasion, apoptosis, western blotting, and
in vivo
experiments were utilized to clarify the roles of circRIMS1, microRNA (miR)-433-3p, and cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 1 (CCAR1). For mechanistic investigation, RNA pulldown, fluorescence
in situ
hybridization (FISH), and luciferase reporter assay confirmed the binding of circRIMS1 with miR-433-3p. Inhibition of circRIMS1 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of bladder cancer cells both
in vitro
and
in vivo
. Moreover, the circRIMS1/miR-433-3p/CCAR1 regulatory axis was confirmed to be responsible for the biological functions of circRIMS1. Taken together, our research demonstrated that circRIMS1 promotes tumor growth, migration, and invasion through the miR-433-3p/CCAR1 regulatory axis, representing a potential therapeutic target and biomarker in bladder cancer.
“… 11 circRNAs, which are loop structures without free ends, are highly stable molecules that are resistant to exonucleases (RNase R). 12 Based on biogenesis from different genomic regions, circRNAs can be classified into three main types: exonic circRNAs (EcRNAs), which contain one or more exons derived from alternative splicing and account for over 80% of all known circRNAs; 13 intronic circRNAs (ciRNAs), which only contain introns and may rely on a consensus motif containing a specific base distribution; 14 and exon-intron circRNAs (EIcRNAs), which are formed by both exon and intron elements ( Figure 1 ). 15 Figure 1 Generation, function, transmission, and degradation of circRNAs This process involves several important events.…”
Section: Characterization Of Circrnasmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 circRNA expression is also modulated by the regulation of circularization, which involves three main hypothetical models: lariat-driven circularization, in which the formation of a lariat structure brings the upstream splice acceptor and downstream donor into close proximity before splicing; intron-pairing-driven circularization, in which the inverted complementary repeat sequences combine into RNA double strands and are subjected to alternative splicing; and RNA binding protein (RBP)-mediated circularization, in which RBPs join the upstream and downstream flanking introns to facilitate pre-mRNA circularization back-splicing ( Figure 1 ). 13 , 20 , 21 , 22 The type of circRNAs generated depends mainly on the elements involved in the three hypothetical models and the splicing pattern.…”
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with covalently closed single-stranded structures lacking 5′–3′ polarity and a polyadenine tail. Over recent years, a growing body of studies have been conducted to explore the roles of circRNAs in human diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of autoantibodies and excessive inflammation, which impact multiple organs. Recent advances have begun to shed light on the roles of circRNAs in SLE, providing fresh insights into the pathogenesis of SLE and the latent capacity for translation into clinical applications. Here, we briefly introduce these “star molecules” and summarize their roles in SLE. In addition, we outline the limitations of the current studies and raise prospects for future research.
“…The therapy adopted depends on the disease stage, and involves the surgical treatment, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. circRNAs studies in gynecological tumors have focused mainly on cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancer [ 121 ], but other genital sphere tumors, such as VSCC, also need to be considered, as reported by Huang et al [ 40 ]. So far, there have been no scientific publications regarding the expression of circRNAs in VSCC.…”
Section: Circrnas and Anogenital Cancersmentioning
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of “non-coding RNAs” that originate from non-sequential back-splicing of exons and/or introns of precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). These molecules are generally produced at low levels in a cell-type-specific manner in mammalian tissues, but due to their circular conformation they are unaffected by the cell mRNA decay machinery. CircRNAs can sponge multiple microRNAs or RNA-binding proteins and play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression and protein translation. Many circRNAs have been shown to be aberrantly expressed in several cancer types, and to sustain specific oncogenic processes. Particularly, in virus-associated malignancies such as human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated anogenital carcinoma and oropharyngeal and oral cancers, circRNAs have been shown to be involved in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, as well as in drug resistance, and some are useful diagnostic and prognostic markers. HPV-derived circRNAs, encompassing the HPV E7 oncogene, have been shown to be expressed and to serve as transcript for synthesis of the E7 oncoprotein, thus reinforcing the virus oncogenic activity in HPV-associated cancers. In this review, we summarize research advances in the biogenesis of cell and viral circRNAs, their features and functions in the pathophysiology of HPV-associated tumors, and their importance as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets in anogenital and oropharyngeal and oral cancers.
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