The Exposure-Dependent Effects of Aged Secondhand Smoke on Endothelial Function

Frey, Paul; Ganz, Patricia A.; Hsue, Priscilla Y.; Benowitz, Neal L.; Glantz, Stanton A.; Balmes, John R.; Schick, Suzaynn F.

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.02.025

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(18 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The line breaks at 670 µg/m 3 starting (~200 µg/m 3 averaged over time) based on the set of exposure conditions that we used; the actual break may be lower. These results support our previous findings that increasing smoke concentration leads to increasing impairment of endothelial function (Frey et al, 2012), and suggest that maximal impairment is reached within the range of real-world SHS concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Smoking and chronic exposure to SHS both impair FMD (Celermajer et al, 1993(Celermajer et al, , 1996. In fact, we and others have previously shown that a 20-to 30-min exposure to SHS is sufficient to temporarily impair FMD in humans (Giannini et al, 2007), Advance Access publication December 3, 2013 even at concentrations found in public places where smoking is permitted (Frey et al, 2012;Heiss et al, 2008a). However, the acute effects of very short (e.g., 1 min) exposures have not been examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Brief Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Reversibly Impairs Endothelial Vasodilatory Function

Pinnamaneni

Sievers

Sharma

et al. 2013

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We sought to determine the effects of brief exposures to low concentrations of tobacco secondhand smoke (SHS) on arterial flow-mediated dilation (FMD, a nitric oxide-dependent measure of vascular endothelial function) in a controlled animal model never before exposed to smoke. In humans, SHS exposure for 30 min impairs FMD. It is important to gain a better understanding of the acute effects of exposure to SHS at low concentrations and for brief periods of time.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Brief Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Reversibly Impairs Endothelial Vasodilatory Function

Pinnamaneni

Sievers

Sharma

et al. 2013

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is also the first to test a novel aged cigarette smoke aerosol that reproduces the normal chemical changes that occur in homes and public places during SHS exposures, on nasal endpoints Glantz, 2006, 2007;Schick et al, 2012b). Our previous studies showed that the respiratory toxicity of sidestream smoke increases as it ages (Schick and Glantz, 2006), and that brief exposures to low concentrations of aged SHS decrease cardiovascular function (Frey et al, 2012). Preliminary studies of our aged SHS aerosol indicated that 50% of the total PM in the SHS is lost to deposition during the 30-min smoke aging process.…”

Section: Secondhand Smoke Exposure Systemmentioning

confidence: 77%

Thirty Minute-Exposure to Aged Cigarette Smoke Increases Nasal Congestion in Nonsmokers

Schick

Vossenberg

Luo

et al. 2013

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of short exposures to experimentally aged cigarette smoke on the nose and upper airways. This crossover study compared the effects of 30-min exposures to (1) experimentally aged cigarette smoke at 1 mg/m³ particulate matter (PM)/14 ppm carbon monoxide (CO) and (2) conditioned filtered air on urinary metabolites of nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines. Subjective nasal symptoms were assessed by questionnaire, objective nasal congestion was assessed by anterior rhinomanometry and nasal nitric oxide (NO) concentrations were determined. Experimentally aged cigarette smoke is a validated model for secondhand smoke (SHS). Twenty-six healthy nonsmokers (10 normal, 7 atopic/nonrhinitic, 7 atopic rhinitic, 2 nonatopic/rhinitic) were studied. A 30-min exposure to SHS increased nasal resistance in healthy nonsmokers. The rise in nasal resistance was most pronounced in rhinitic subjects. Significant increases were not noted when atopic subjects were considered independent of rhinitis status. Secondhand smoke exposure also elevated subjective nasal symptoms and urinary concentrations of metabolites of nicotine (cotinine and trans-3´-hydroxycotinine) and tobacco-specific nitrosamines [(4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL)] in all subgroups of subjects. Exposure-related, subjective nasal symptoms were significantly higher in rhinitic than in normal subjects. Significant changes in nasal NO concentrations were not detected. Data indicate a 30-min exposure to secondhand smoke at 1 mg/m³ PM increases subjective upper respiratory symptoms, increases urinary cotinine and NNAL, and produces objective nasal airflow obstruction in human subjects.

show abstract

“…14 These effects reflect the highly nonlinear dose-response curve for cardiovascular effects of secondhand smoke, 15 with secondhand exposure nearly as dangerous as active smoking. Like all particulate air pollution, 16 smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke both lead to impairment of endothelial function in humans as measured by arterial flow-mediated dilation 17 (FMD), an effect that occurs in a few minutes in humans [18][19][20] and rats. 21 Reflecting these rapid effects, implementation of comprehensive smokefree laws are followed by drops in heart attacks and other conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Marijuana, Secondhand Smoke, and Social Acceptability

2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

at 4:20 in the afternoon, 15 000 people in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park lit marijuana joints during the annual "420 Day." In cannabis culture, April 20 has become an international countercultural holiday; people gather to celebrate and consume cannabis, typically around 4:20 PM. The giant cloud of secondhand marijuana smoke was visible from the University of California, San Francisco, half a mile away. The cloud embodied the revelers' new freedom on this first 420 Day since California voters legalized recreational marijuana in November 2016. The smoke cloud, however, was also part of a growing source of air pollution.It would have been unthinkable (and illegal) for thousands of people to congregate and smoke tobacco cigarettes in that park. The recognition that secondhand tobacco smoke causes cardiovascular disease, lung and breast cancer, and other diseases motivated passage of laws to protect people from secondhand smoke, including in Golden Gate Park. These laws have the beneficial effect of stimulating voluntary smoke-free home policies, discouraging smoking initiation, supporting smoking cessation, and denormalizing tobacco use. 1(pp26-29) Such social norm change is an effective tobacco control strategy, as exemplified by the California Tobacco Control Program, a broad-based campaign focused on reinforcing the nonsmoking norm. This strategy is aimed at the population as a whole, not just smokers or youth, and includes hard-hitting media messaging and support for smoke-free environments. By focusing on the broader social environment, California has achieved one of the lowest smoking rates in the United States. In 2015, 11.7% of adults in California and 7.7% of high school students had smoked tobacco in the last 30 days compared with 17.5% of adults and 10.8% of high school students nationally. 2,3 Adolescents who perceive secondhand tobacco smoke as dangerous are considerably less likely to start smoking tobacco compared with those with lower risk perceptions of secondhand smoke. 4 In contrast to tobacco, marijuana is widely viewed as harmless or even good for you, even something to be celebrated. Perhaps because cannabinoids are useful for treating chemotherapy-induced nausea, chronic pain, and spasms in multiple sclerosis, 5 marijuana, especially medical marijuana, is viewed as having positive effects.Nationally, more adolescents used marijuana than tobacco in 2016, with 16% of high school sophomores and 25% of high school seniors reporting marijuana use in the past 30

show abstract

The Exposure-Dependent Effects of Aged Secondhand Smoke on Endothelial Function

Abstract: Short-term exposure to real-world levels of aged SHS for 30 min resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in endothelial function as measured by flow-mediated dilation.

Cited by 37 publications

References 22 publications

Brief Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Reversibly Impairs Endothelial Vasodilatory Function

Brief Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Reversibly Impairs Endothelial Vasodilatory Function

Thirty Minute-Exposure to Aged Cigarette Smoke Increases Nasal Congestion in Nonsmokers

Marijuana, Secondhand Smoke, and Social Acceptability

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About