The exposome and health: Where chemistry meets biology

Vermeulen, Roel; Schymanski, Emma L.; Barabási, Albert‐László; Miller, Gary W.

doi:10.1126/science.aay3164

Cited by 624 publications

(492 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…For example, the untargeted use of omics techniques to quantify molecules at the level of intermediary functioning of the metabolism (metabolomics) and proteins more generally (proteomics) is expected to maximize the number of molecules that can be studied and measured [23]. This is happening at the same time as the advancement towards untargeted methods in areas such as high-resolution mass-spectrometry, which is now used to detect and quantity very large quantities of small molecules in blood samples retrieved from longitudinal studies [24]. This use of omics is related to other methodological applications and conceptual interpretations of the exposome, in particular what is referred to as the top-down approach [3].…”

Section: The Innovations Of the Exposome As An Emerging Research Repementioning

confidence: 99%

What Is New about the Exposome? Exploring Scientific Change in Contemporary Epidemiology

Canali

2020

IJERPH

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In this commentary, I discuss the scientific changes brought by the exposome, asking what is new about this approach and line of research. I place the exposome in a historical perspective, by analyzing the conditions under which the exposome has been conceived, developed and established in the context of contemporary epidemiological research. I argue that the exposome has been developed by transferring approaches, methods and conceptualizations from other lines of research in the life and health sciences. I thus discuss the conceptual and methodological innovations of the exposome as a result of the merging and adaptation of these elements for new uses and purposes. On this basis, I argue that the novelty of the exposome should be seen in incremental rather than revolutionary terms and, in this sense, the exposome shares significant elements with other projects and repertoires in postgenomics. I conclude by discussing the consequences of this analysis for the potential limitations and future development of exposome research.

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Section: The Innovations Of the Exposome As An Emerging Research Repementioning

confidence: 99%

What Is New about the Exposome? Exploring Scientific Change in Contemporary Epidemiology

Canali

2020

IJERPH

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“…An interesting example for such longitudinal mycotoxin co-exposure assessment was recently published for an infant that was exclusively fed by breastmilk, which was tested for 29 mycotoxins [60]. However, it will be even more relevant to consider other food-and environment-related exposures beyond mycotoxins as proposed by the exposome concept [61,62,63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of urinary biomarkers of mycotoxin exposure in adults from Cameroon

Abia

Tchana

Djonabaye

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background In Cameroon dietary staples are contaminated with diverse toxic fungal metabolites, known as mycotoxins. Aflatoxins and fumonisins are of particular public health concern, particularly in relation to cancer and/or early life stunting. Mixtures of these toxins are predicted from food measures, and in this work, the levels and frequencies of urinary mycotoxin biomarkers are reported in Cameroonian adults. Methods A single first void urine sample was collected from 89 adults (aged range: 28–85, male 39, female 50) from the city of Yaoundé, Centre Region, Cameroon. Urines were tested for eight distinct mycotoxins using measures of both parent compounds and/or their metabolites by Liquid Chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results Altogether seven distinct mycotoxins, aflatoxin, fumonisin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, nivalenol, ochratoxin A and citrinin, (or their metabolites) were observed in urine samples. At least one mycotoxin was detected in all of the urine samples, 87 (97.8%) of which were above the method’s quantification limit. Aflatoxin M1 was detected in 42% (n.d. − 0.21 µg L− 1) of samples of which about a quarter additionally contained fumonisin B1. Of the remaining toxins deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, nivalenol and citrinin were present in 78%, 99% 95%, 53%, and 87% of the samples respectively. Alternariol was not detected in any sample. Mixtures of mycotoxins in the samples were frequently observed with 64 samples (72%) containing more than five mycotoxins. Estimates of intake exceeded the TDIs for fumonisin (n = 4), deoxynivalenol (n = 1) and zearalenone (n = 2), no TDI is set for aflatoxin. Conclusions This study reveals frequent co-exposure of Cameroonian individuals to a complex mixture of toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins, with mixtures of aflatoxin and fumonisin a particular priority from a public health standpoint.

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“…New PFOA data from sampled adolescents, is expected to become available within the coming year, as part of the HBM4EU project [105]. The PIAMA cohort will be enriched with untargeted high-resolution mass spectrometry data (exposome scan) to screen and quantify the MDCs and hundreds of other environmental chemicals in addition to endogenous metabolites [106]. We will investigate changes in anthropometric measures (BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio), concentrations of lipids (HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides), levels of leptin and insulin, and changes in -omics readouts in relation to the concentrations of the chemicals.…”

Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The GOLIATH Project: Towards an Internationally Harmonised Approach for Testing Metabolism Disrupting Compounds

Legler

Zalko

Jourdan

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The purpose of this project report is to introduce the European “GOLIATH” project, a new research project which addresses one of the most urgent regulatory needs in the testing of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), namely the lack of methods for testing EDCs that disrupt metabolism and metabolic functions. These chemicals collectively referred to as “metabolism disrupting compounds” (MDCs) are natural and anthropogenic chemicals that can promote metabolic changes that can ultimately result in obesity, diabetes, and/or fatty liver in humans. This project report introduces the main approaches of the project and provides a focused review of the evidence of metabolic disruption for selected EDCs. GOLIATH will generate the world’s first integrated approach to testing and assessment (IATA) specifically tailored to MDCs. GOLIATH will focus on the main cellular targets of metabolic disruption—hepatocytes, pancreatic endocrine cells, myocytes and adipocytes—and using an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework will provide key information on MDC-related mode of action by incorporating multi-omic analyses and translating results from in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models and assays to adverse metabolic health outcomes in humans at real-life exposures. Given the importance of international acceptance of the developed test methods for regulatory use, GOLIATH will link with ongoing initiatives of the Organisation for Economic Development (OECD) for test method (pre-)validation, IATA, and AOP development.

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The exposome and health: Where chemistry meets biology

Cited by 624 publications

References 40 publications

What Is New about the Exposome? Exploring Scientific Change in Contemporary Epidemiology

What Is New about the Exposome? Exploring Scientific Change in Contemporary Epidemiology

Assessment of urinary biomarkers of mycotoxin exposure in adults from Cameroon

The GOLIATH Project: Towards an Internationally Harmonised Approach for Testing Metabolism Disrupting Compounds

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