The explosion of a ship, loaded with black powder, in Leiden in 1807

Reitsma, H. J.

doi:10.1016/s0734-743x(00)00067-1

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Numerical models of blast events can be validated by the experimental results presented here, even in the case of models considering a large and complex urban scenario. Such urban environments were considered in several numerical studies, such as [30][31][32][33][34]. Those complex tests including city geometry are not possible to conduct in reality due to economic and infrastructure access reasons.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of blast loading behind a building corner

Gajewski

Sielicki

2020

Shock Waves

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The paper presents unique blast experiments in reference to scientific literature and official standards. Experimental scenarios reflect a hypothetical realistic combat situation of a human being covered from a blast wave behind a rigid building corner. In the scenario assumed, the overpressure loads affect the lungs while the person is standing or the eardrums while the person is kneeling at the aiming position. The paper presents 27 free-field experiments measuring the overpressure loads. All the measurements were taken behind the right angle of the rigid wall. Two masses of TNT were considered: 200 g and 400 g. In the selected cases, a low test-to-test variability of the measured data was observed. Detailed plots of overpressure versus time are presented for various distances behind the building corner and TNT charge masses. Peak overpressure versus positive impulse plots are also demonstrated. Furthermore, the safety thresholds regarding different locations behind the building corner are defined for the considered explosive masses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of blast loading behind a building corner

Gajewski

Sielicki

2020

Shock Waves

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“…One of the earliest recorded and the most serious of the accidents triggered by dust explosion occurred at Leiden, the Netherlands, on 12 January 1807 [13]. A ship with about 85,000 kg of black powder on board had arrived from Ouderkerk (near Amsterdam) and had moored in the centre of Leiden against all regulations.…”

Section: Illustrative Case Histories Of a Few Major Dust Explosionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust explosions–Cases, causes, consequences, and control

Abbasi

2007

Journal of Hazardous Materials

405

153

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“…Additional differences between BP and SP are discussed in [5]. Even though BP has a low TNT equivalence, accidental fires involving BP can be catastrophic (e. g. the 1807 ship explosion in Leiden [6]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cookoff of Black Powder and Smokeless Powder

Hobbs

Kaneshige

2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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We have completed a series of both vented and sealed cookoff experiments of black powder and smokeless powder in our Sandia Instrumented Thermal Ignition (SITI) apparatus at bulk densities of 1078 and 729 kg/m3, respectively. The confining aluminum cylinder was ramped from room temperature to a set point temperature and then held at the setpoint temperature until ignition. The setpoint temperatures varied between 495 to 523 K for the black powder and 401 to 412 K for the more sensitive smokeless powder. The vented experiments show a significant delay in thermal ignition, indicating that the ignition is dependent on pressure. Post experimental debris shows greater violence for our smokeless powder experiments than our black powder experiments. A simplified universal cookoff model (UCM) was calibrated using the black powder and smokeless powder SITI data and used to predict pressurization and thermal ignition. The current work presents the first calibration of the UCM with a double base propellant. This work also presents the first pressure‐dependent cookoff model for black powder and smokeless powder.

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The explosion of a ship, loaded with black powder, in Leiden in 1807

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Experimental study of blast loading behind a building corner

Experimental study of blast loading behind a building corner

Dust explosions–Cases, causes, consequences, and control

Cookoff of Black Powder and Smokeless Powder

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