The exploration of Mars launch & assembly simulation

Abstract

Advancing human exploration of space beyond Low Earth Orbit, and ultimately to Mars, is of great interest to NASA, other organizations, and space exploration advocates. Various strategies for getting to Mars have been proposed. These include NASA's Design Reference Architecture 5.0, a near-term flyby of Mars advocated by the group Inspiration Mars, and potential options developed for NASA's Evolvable Mars Campaign. Regardless of which approach is used to get to Mars, they all share a need to visualize and analyze their proposed campaign and evaluate the feasibility of the launch and on-orbit assembly segment of the campaign. The launch and assembly segment starts with flight hardware manufacturing and ends with final departure of a Mars Transfer Vehicle (MTV), or set of MTVs, from an assembly orbit near Earth. This paper describes a discrete event simulation based strategic visualization and analysis tool that can be used to evaluate the launch campaign reliability of any proposed strategy for exploration beyond low Earth orbit. The input to the simulation can be any manifest of multiple launches and their associated transit operations between Earth and the exploration destinations, including Earth orbit, lunar orbit, asteroids, moons of Mars, and ultimately Mars. The simulation output includes expected launch dates and ascent outcomes i.e., success or failure. Running 1,000 replications of the simulation provides the capability to perform launch campaign reliability analysis to determine the probability that all launches occur in a timely manner to support departure opportunities and to deliver their payloads to the intended orbit. This allows for quantitative comparisons between alternative scenarios, as well as the capability to analyze options for improving launch campaign reliability. Results are presented for representative strategies.

Simulation and Evaluation of a Space Station Operational Plan Considering Launch Delay of Cargo Vehicles

“…Major space countries have developed operational systems such as the International Planning Software System (IPS), 17) Operations Preparation and Planning System (OPPS), 18) SpaceNet, [19][20][21] and Manifest Assessment Simulation Tool (MAST). [22][23][24][25] However, the simulation models described in Saint, 17) Zoeschinger et al, 18) Lee et al, 19) Grogan et al 20) and Ho et al 21) do not consider probabilistic events during the operational process, and cannot perform uncertainty analyses for space station operation. For example, MAST mainly focuses on the modeling of the launch processes of space shuttles and does not consider operational progress.…”