The Exploration of Icephobic Materials and Their Future Prospects in Aircraft Icing Applications

Gohardani, Omid

doi:10.4172/2168-9792.1000e116

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…One type includes hydrophobic surfaces, which attempt to reduce the adhesion of ice by reducing the adhesion of liquid water and rely on the similar characteristics between liquid and solid water. These aren't necessarily patterned surface with fixed geometry; as an example greased surfaces have shown promise [63,127], as well as SLIPS surfaces [128]. Another type is micro-and nano-textured surfaces which attempt to prevent the accretion of ice by repelling water from the surface before it solidifies and adheres, but also attempt to maintain a Cassie-Baxter wetting state to reduce adhesion [69,129,130].…”

Section: Icephobicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The measurement of the adhesion of glaze ice.

Hardesty¹

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Icing is a lethal and costly aviation hazard affecting aircraft of all sizes ranging from small UAVs to large commercial craft such as the Boeing 787, resulting in hundreds of deaths over the last century and resulting in billions of dollars of economic impact. Three predominant types of icing, namely, airframe icing, engine icing, and rotorcraft icing, dominate aircraft icing research. Each type poses unique challenges. In the case of rotor icing, attention needs to give to the rotating environment with large oscillatory loads and icing conditions. In the case of airframe icing, special attention needs to be paid to a variety of loading cases from the available options for de-icing and anti-icing equipment. In the case of engine icing, the formation mechanism is poorly understood and the structure of the ice needs to be studied in greater detail. Airframe icing requires However, all three share the same fundamental problem that ice sticks to surfaces. How strongly ice adheres to a surface dictates how hard it is to remove. The adhesion strength then regulates the primary threat from icing-the maximum aerodynamic penalty that accretion will have. It also dictates the threat of impingement from shed ice elsewhere on the aircraft, such that a piece of ice from the main rotor could strike the tail rotor on a helicopter, destroying it.

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Section: Icephobicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The measurement of the adhesion of glaze ice.

Hardesty¹

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“…When an aircraft passes through clouds containing supercooled water droplets, ice may accumulate on the surfaces of windward components. Ice increases the weight of the aircraft, destroys its aerodynamic profile, and seriously affects its flight performance [1]; therefore, it is likely to cause serious accidents. To ensure the safety of the flight, modern commercial aircraft are always equipped with anti-icing systems [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of and Experimental Research on Rivulet Model on Airfoil Surface

Lou

Shen

et al. 2022

Aerospace

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The occurrence of aircraft icing can significantly affect flight performance. One of the most important aspects in the study of anti-icing technology for aircraft is the distribution of overflow water. Owing to the external airflow pressure, shear stress, and surface tension, the water film breaks up to form steady rivulets. Experiments on NACA0012 airfoil surfaces were conducted based on an open straight-flow and low-speed wind tunnel. Simultaneously, an engineered three-dimensional rivulet model considering the surface roughness was established based on the energy-minimum principle. A comparison between the simulation and experimental results shows that the errors in the water film breakup location and the flow velocity of rivulets are less than 20%, and the errors in the spacing and width of rivulets are less than 40%. In addition, the effects of surface temperature and uniform roughness on water film breakup were investigated. Furthermore, the rivulet model was applied to the numerical calculation of the thermal performance of hot-air anti-icing systems. The simulations reveal that the uniform roughness of the wing surface causes the water film to break earlier. As the surface roughness increases, the thickness, spacing, and width of the rivulets increase, and the rivulet flow velocity decreases.

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“…For example, icing on exposed surfaces leads to operational difficulties and high maintenance effort for power networks, aircra, ships, and ground transportation vehicles. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Although there are some anti-icing systems currently available that operate through electrothermal, 1,7 chemical, 1,5,6 and mechanical deicing methods, 1,4,7 most conventional antiicing and deicing strategies possess disadvantages from the viewpoints of energy consumption, cost, or environmental effects. 1,8 Over the past couple of decades, many studies have focused on superhydrophobic surfaces, [13][14][15][16][17][18] which possess a water contact angle higher than 150 and low water sliding angle, to delay or prevent ice formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A superrepellent coating with dynamic fluorine chains for frosting suppression: effects of polarity, coalescence and ice nucleation free energy barrier

et al. 2016

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Ice formation on surfaces is a serious issue in many different fields in terms of function, safety, and cost of operation in human life. Hydrophobic coating technology is one of the effective ways to prevent ice formation. Previous studies focused on the effects of surface structure and surface chemical modification on anti-icing ability. However, only a few studies have clarified a method to inhibit the initial formation of ice on surfaces; in addition, an effective mechanism for anti-frosting has not been identified as yet. Here, hydrophobic smooth surface coatings using three coupling agents with low surface energy and different molecular chain dynamics were fabricated. The surface roughnesses were lower than 1 nm.The fluorocarbon-based coatings delayed frost formation compared with the uncoated surface until À6 C. We explored why the coating surface prevented frost formation and the effects of surface chemical modification on frost resistance from the viewpoint of heat exchange contact area during droplet coalescence, ice nucleation free energy barrier, polarity and polarizability of the coated surface. † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: The chemical structure of decyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS), tridecauoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl-triethoxysilane (FAS13) and heptadecauoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyl-triethoxy-silane (FAS17), FE-SEM image, FT-IR spectra, lm thickness distribution measured by ellipsometry analysis, transmittance measured by a spectrophotometer, total transmittance (TT), parallel transmittance (PT), diffusion (DIF) and haze values (HAZE) measured by a haze meter, the polarity factors of water, formamide and hexadecane, the polarity factors of the coating surface, photographic images of heating surface aer frosting test, the binarized photographic images during frosting test, the surface temperature with glass substrate and the coating surface, contact angle, sliding angle on the coating surface before freezing with aer freezing, classic heterogeneous nucleation theory, Hückel charge distribution of alkyl chain, uorocarbon and water molecular, the photographic images of frosting and water sliding angle of coating surfaces are changed molar ratio FAS to TEOS of solution, schematic image of measuring equipment of anti-frosting test. See

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The Exploration of Icephobic Materials and Their Future Prospects in Aircraft Icing Applications

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

The measurement of the adhesion of glaze ice.

The measurement of the adhesion of glaze ice.

Simulation of and Experimental Research on Rivulet Model on Airfoil Surface

A superrepellent coating with dynamic fluorine chains for frosting suppression: effects of polarity, coalescence and ice nucleation free energy barrier

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