The Explicated Addressee: A (Mainly) Pragmatic Account of Japanese ka-Questions

Eckardt, Regine; Csipak, Eva

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-79942-7_4

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…To our knowledge, metalinguistic comments in autism are understudied, and our study is exploratory in this respect. Self-addressed questions on disfluencies in oral corpora have not been extensively studied, but their meaning seems to be culture dependent (Eckardt & Csipak, 2021;Ginzburg et al, 2013;Tian et al, 2017); in Chinese and English, they seem to mainly signal word-retrieval issues (e.g., What/Where/ Who was it? ), whereas in Japanese, they seem to focus on phrasing appropriateness (e.g., How to say it?).…”

Section: Listener-oriented Disfluenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Listener- Versus Speaker-Oriented Disfluencies in Autistic Adults: Insights From Wearable Eye-Tracking and Skin Conductance Within a Live Face-to-Face Paradigm

Clin

Kissine

2023

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Purpose: Our study addresses three main questions: (a) Do autistics and neurotypicals produce different patterns of disfluencies, depending on the experimenter's direct versus averted gaze? (b) Are these patterns correlated to gender, skin conductance responses, fixations on the experimenter's face, alexithymia, or social anxiety scores? Lastly, (c) can eye-tracking and electrodermal activity data be used in distinguishing listener- versus speaker-oriented disfluencies? Method: Within a live face-to-face paradigm combining a wearable eye-tracker with electrodermal activity sensors, 80 adults (40 autistics, 40 neurotypicals) defined words in front of an experimenter who was either staring at their eyes (direct gaze condition) or looking elsewhere (averted gaze condition). Results: Autistics produce less listener-oriented ( uh , um ) and more speaker-oriented (prolongations, breath) disfluencies than neurotypicals. In both groups, men produce less um than women. Both autistics' and neurotypicals' speech are influenced by whether their interlocutor systematically looks at them in the eyes or not, but their reactions go in opposite directions. Disfluencies seem to primarily be linguistic phenomena as experienced stress, social attention, alexithymia, and social anxiety scores do not influence any of the reported results. Finally, eye-tracking and electrodermal activity data suggest that laughter could be a listener-oriented disfluency. Conclusions: This article studies disfluencies in a fine-grained way in autistic and neurotypical adults while controlling for social attention, experienced stress, and experimental condition (direct vs. averted gaze). It adds to current literature by (a) enlightening our knowledge of speech in autism, (b) opening new perspectives on disfluency patterns as important signals in social interaction, (c) addressing theoretical issues on the dichotomy between listener- and speaker-oriented disfluencies, and (d) considering understudied phenomena as potential disfluencies (e.g., laughter, breath). Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23549550

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Section: Listener-oriented Disfluenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%