The Experimental Production of Macrocytic Anemia by Operations on the Intestinal Tract

Cameron, Douglas; Watson, G. M.; Witts, L. J.

doi:10.1182/blood.v4.7.803.803

Cited by 100 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We have confirmed the data of other workers (Canellos et al, 1967) indicating that rats with intestinal pouches have an increased susceptibility to oxidant-induced haemolysis and extended these data to demonstrate the effects of the pouches alone. Though we did not study the metabolism of phenacetin in our animals, others (Canellos et af, 1967) studied the urinary metabolites of phenacetin on thin layer chromatography and found similar patterns in pouched and normal rats fed phenacetin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Incubation of the blood of these rats with napthoquinone produced greater quantities of MHb than the blood of normal rats. Other workers noted anaemia, reticulocytosis and increased faecal urobilinogen in rats with intestinal pouches (Cameron et al, 1949;Watson & Witts, 1952). A recent review indicated that the anaemia in dogs and rats with bacterial overgrowth in the small bowel is complex and cannot be explained by B,, or folic acid deficiency alone (Donaldson, 1970).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In addition, others (Canellos et al, 1967) have reported that rats with jejunal pouches developed Heinz bodies in their RBCs and reticulocytosis when given phenacetin in their food or phenylhydrazine intraperitoneally. Incubation of the blood of these rats with napthoquinone produced greater quantities of MHb than the blood of normal rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Experimental Enterogenous Cyanosis and Anaemia

Westphal

Azen

1972

Br J Haematol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rats with jejunal pouches develop an anaemia which is partially haemolytic in nature and accompanied by small amounts of methaemoglobin (MHb) and sulphaemoglobin (SHb). These pigments increase upon sterile incubation of the blood. The presence of these abnormal pigments indicates that oxidative damage has occurred. Most of the abnormalities improve on feeding neomycin. Rats with blind pouches are more sensitive than normal rats to the oxidant effects of phenacetin on RBCs. RBCs incubated in urine from rats with pouches developed more MHb than RBCs incubated in urine from normal rats. We conclude that bacterial overgrowth in the intestine, by means yet undetermined, can cause oxidative damage to RBCs and that this effect can be produced by constituents of the urine of rats with pouches. This toxic effect of bacterial overgrowth may condition RBCs to oxidant drug damage.The term 'enterogenous cyanosis' was applied by earlier workers to patients with methaemoglobinaemia and sulphaemoglobinaemia purportedly caused by absorption of endogenously produced nitrites and sulphides from an abnormally functioning intestine. These cases were reviewed (Finch, 1948) and it was emphasized that many of these patients were taking analgesic drugs and that the intestinal disease may have been contributory but not the sole cause for methaemoglobin (MHb) and sulphaemoglobin (SHb) production in these patients.Recent data support this view since oxidant drug metabolites were found in the urine of patients with cryptic analgesic abuse (Azen et a2, 1970), one of whom had chronic methaemoglobinaemia and a decrease of this pigment when treated with neomycin (Rossi et al,,1966). Other studies in animals (Canellos et al, 1967) and man (Selwyn, 1955;Hutchison et al, 1962) suggest that gastrointestinal disorders, especially those associated with bacterial overgrowth, may enhance susceptibility of RBCs to oxidant drug stress. However, it has not been clearly demonstrated in animals or man that 'enterogenous cyanosis' may be produced by gastrointestinal abnormalities alone. In this paper, we have shown that rats with blind loops develop haemolytic anaemia, accompanied by methaemoglobinaemia, sulphaemoglobinaemia and urinary excretion of oxidant substances. Furthermore, the red cells of the.ie animals demonstrate increased susceptibility to the effects of oxidant drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODSOperative procedures. 'Self-filling' jejunal blind pouches (Cameron et al, 1949) about 8 cm

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Experimental Enterogenous Cyanosis and Anaemia

Westphal

Azen

1972

Br J Haematol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Samples of ileum were obtained from four groups of healthy laboratory rats (four to five animals per group) of comparable age, weight, and sex, as follows: 1) animals raised in a conventional environment subjected to a sham operation; 2) animals raised in a gnotobiotic environment; and animals raised in a conventional environment with 3) an ileal self-filling blind loop (Cameron et al, 1949), or 4) an ileal Thiry-Vella fistula (Thiry, 1864;Vella, 1881;Keren et al, 1975). The intestinal loops were created at a point 5 cm from the ileocecal valve, measured 6-10 cm in length, and were allowed to exist 6-12 weeks prior to examination.…”

Section: Tissue Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Light microscopic morphometric analysis of rat ileal mucosa: II. Component quantitation of Paneth cells

et al. 1982

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A quantitative light microscopic morphometric analysis of lysozyme- and IgA-containing Paneth cells within the ileal mucosa of physiologically manipulated and control (sham operation) animals was performed. The experimental groups of rats included animals raised in a gnotobiotic environment (microbial reduction) and animals with ileal self-filling blind (microbial proliferation) and Thiry-Vella (intestinal discontinuity) loops. The unlabeled antibody enzyme immunohistochemical localization technique was employed for the identification of intracellular lysozyme and IgA. Component quantitation was performed by use of a micrometer component quantitator. Marked Paneth cell hyperplasia was noted in association with gnotobiosis and with the Thiry-Vella fistula. This observation quantitatively confirms previous subjective impressions of increased Paneth cell differentiation in association with those physiologic states. Since the neurovascular component of the Thiry-Vella fistula is intact, the normal intraluminal succus entericus would appear to be involved in modulation of Paneth cell differentiation. The recognition of Paneth cell hyperplasia in association with the Thiry-Vella fistula suggests that this may be a useful experimental model for an evaluation of the life cycle and functional characteristics of this cell population. The results also revealed that no significant change in the volume percentage of Paneth cells and a decreased volume percentage of Paneth cells containing IgA occurred in association with the self-filling blind loop. A decreased volume percentage of IgA-containing immunocytes in association with the blind loop has previously been reported. The data are most consistent with the interpretation that the Paneth cell and immunocyte response to antigenic stimulation are interrelated and that the Paneth cell population has a restricted latitude of response to microbial proliferation.

show abstract

“…Upper small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth usually occurs in the presence of stasis of intestinal contents, a condition which is classically mimicked in experimental rodent models by isoperistaltic, self-filling, non-emptying blind loops [4]. In man, intestinal strictures, surgical resections that lead to stasis, such as Bilroth II gastrectomy, jejunal diverticulosis and intrinsic diseases of the small-gut wall that interfere with propulsion, i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Significance of Bacterial Overgrowth in Elderly People

Holt

1992

Age Ageing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Experimental Production of Macrocytic Anemia by Operations on the Intestinal Tract

Cited by 100 publications

References 6 publications

Experimental Enterogenous Cyanosis and Anaemia

Experimental Enterogenous Cyanosis and Anaemia

Light microscopic morphometric analysis of rat ileal mucosa: II. Component quantitation of Paneth cells

Clinical Significance of Bacterial Overgrowth in Elderly People

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About