The Experimental Determination of Solubilities.

Design and economic trade‐offs of extractive crystallization processes

“…Solid-liquid phase diagrams can be obtained by experiments and/or theoretical predictions. A comprehensive review of the experimental techniques for the determination of solubility is available (Zimmerman, 1952). Theoretical prediction of solubility, in terms of liquid phase composition, is often based on the following standard equation (Prausnitz et al, 1986):…”

Organic chemistry:

“…has sometimes been recommended that the chromat opiates be read while they are still wet [84,85] we have found that the presence of solvent often accelerates the changes in the spots. Although it has been pointed out that some adsorption of a solute may occur during filtrations [87], there is apparently no general awareness of the possible magnitude of such losses with dilute solutions of certain solutes. Loss by adsorption of polycyclic, aromatic hydrocarbons during filtration [88] has been mentioned briefly, and such adsorption has been shown [89] to be the cause of a major discrepancy in some recent attempts [90] Table 6, footnote c), and, on visual examination in ultraviolet light [91] cu cu CU -r-l concentration of phenanthrene in the filtrate.…”

Rapid, small-scale determination of organic solvent solubility using a thermogravimetric analyzer

“…The gravimetric method, or residue weight method, is the oldest and simplest method for determining solubility [4]. In comparison to other methods such as spectroscopy, calorimetry, refractometry, and polarimetry, the gravimetric method is more straightforward in that detection requires only a reliable microbalance.…”