The Experimental Decomposition and Regeneration of Nitrogenous Organic Matter in Sea Water

Brand, Theodor von; Rakestraw, Norris W.; Renn, Charles E.

doi:10.2307/1537250

Cited by 71 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…5d) shows a progression downstream with transformation from NH 4 peak (stations 7, 8), followed by NO 2 (stations 8, 9), and then NO 3 peaks (stations 13-16). This progression is similar to the classical nitrogen cycle of oxidation over time from reduced to most oxidized form (von Brand et al 1937) and also similar to the vertical depth profile of nitrogen species in the open ocean (Sharp 1983). …”

Section: Dissolved Oxygen and Dissolved Inorganic Carbonsupporting

confidence: 76%

A Biogeochemical View of Estuarine Eutrophication: Seasonal and Spatial Trends and Correlations in the Delaware Estuary

Sharp

Yoshiyama²,

Parker

et al. 2009

Estuaries and Coasts

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The Delaware River and Bay Estuary is one of the major urbanized estuaries of the world. The 100-km long tidal river portion of the estuary suffered from major summer hypoxia in the past due to municipal and industrial inputs in the urban region; the estuary has seen remarkable water quality improvements from recent municipal sewage treatment upgrades. However, the estuary still has extremely high nutrient loading, which appears to not have much adverse impact. Since the biogeochemistry of the estuary has been relatively similar for the past two decades, our multiple year research database is used in this review paper to address broad spatial and seasonal patterns of conditions in the tidal river and 120 km long saline bay. Dissolved oxygen concentrations show impact from allochthonous urban inputs and meteorological forcing as well as biological influences. Nutrient concentrations, although high, do not stimulate excessive algal biomass due to light and multiple nutrient element limitations. Since the bay does not have strong persistent summer stratification, there is little potential for bottom water hypoxia. Elevated chlorophyll concentrations do not exert much influence on light attenuation since resuspended bottom inorganic sediments dominate the turbidity. Dissolved inorganic carbon and dissolved and particulate organic carbon distributions show significant variability from watershed inputs and lesser impact from urban inputs and biological processes. Ratios of dissolved and particulate carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus help to understand watershed and urban inputs as well Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (as autochthonous biological influences. Owing to the relatively simple geometry of the system and localized anthropogenic inputs as well as a broad spatial and seasonal database, it is possible to develop these biogeochemical trends and correlations for the Delaware Estuary. We suggest that this biogeochemical perspective allows a revised evaluation of estuarine eutrophication that should have generic value for understanding other estuarine and coastal waters.

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Section: Dissolved Oxygen and Dissolved Inorganic Carbonsupporting

confidence: 76%

A Biogeochemical View of Estuarine Eutrophication: Seasonal and Spatial Trends and Correlations in the Delaware Estuary

Sharp

Yoshiyama²,

Parker

et al. 2009

Estuaries and Coasts

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“…The reason in the case of the bell jars is that the benthic fluxes reflect anaerobic nutrient regeneration. The bottle experiments of Grill and Richards (1964) and von Brand et al (1937, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942 give very slow or no nitrate production because ammonium production is much more rapid than nitrification and these systems were probably not extensively aerated. Estimates of nutrient regeneration in open aerobic environments have been made or can b e made by simple recalculations.…”

Section: Nutrient Regeneration Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This stoichiometric relationship is based upon an average elemental composition for plankton with C:N:P of 106:16:1 by atom ('Redfield ratio'), and an average oceanic seawater content for nitrate to phosphate of 16:1. The relationship is often summarized to show the formation and breakdown of organic matter with a Current address: Northlands, St. Georges 1-05, Bermuda O Inter-Research/Printed in F. R. Germany balanced stoichiometry for C, N, P, H, and 0 and referred to as 'Richards equation'. Attempts to simulate natural nutrient regeneration in closed vessels of seawater (Cooper, 1935;von Brand et al, 1937von Brand et al, , 1939von Brand et al, , 1940von Brand et al, , 1941von Brand et al, , 1942Hoffman, 1956;Gotterman, 1964;Grill and Richards, 1964;Adams, 1974) have yielded some valuable information, but many details are still not known and extrapolation from closed vessels to the natural environment is not very successful. Important field data on nutrient regeneration have been obtained from isolated anoxic environments (Richards, 1965;Atkinson and Richards, 1967;Richards et al, 1971;Cline and Richards, 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Nutrient Regeneration in the Ocean with an Aquarium System

Sharp¹,

Frake²,

Hillier³

et al. 1982

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Dynamic processes in a recirculating seawater aquarium system have been studied in a n attempt to assess nutrient regeneration. Sufficient monitoring has been done over time to construct elemental budgets. Results in nutrient and organic chemistry of this system are compared to published bottle experiments, bell jar experiments, and open system modellng. In regard to chemical specles and regeneration rates, the aquarium system is a better model than bottle or bell jar experiments for assessing natural mixed water-column phenomena. An aquarium provides a useful experimental tool: regeneration can b e measured and the otherwise unquantifiable organic source can b e back calculated. Such a system can give realistic regeneration rates, provide information on chemical species produced, and serve for exploring geochemical behavior. Data on elemental budgets on incoming water and the regeneration products indicate that the dissolved organic phosphorus pool is small and rather labile when compared to the dissolved organic nitrogen pool. From this study and analysis of published coastal water works, it appears that a relatively consistent 54 to 62 % of the total nitrogen (excluding gases) are In the dissolved organic pool.

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“…Of course, along with excretion a series of other processes are involved in nutrient regeneration. Decomposition of organic compounds through bacterioplankton (von Brand et al, 1937;Goltermann, 1964;and others) and autolysis of planktonic cells leads to the release of a certain amount of inorganic nutrients (Hoffmann, Calculated from cellular volume as determined by the light and electron microscopical examination of 200 ciliates 1956). Furthermore, nutrient release from the sediment directly influences the production of phytoplankton (von Bodungen et al, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-remineralization of phyto- and bacterioplankton by the marine ciliate Euplotes vannus

Gast¹,

Horstmann²

1983

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The Experimental Decomposition and Regeneration of Nitrogenous Organic Matter in Sea Water

Abstract: One portion inoculated with diatoms and placed in the light. + Does not include dissolved organic nitrogen. * One portion inoculated with diatoms and placed in the light. t Does not include dissolved organic nitrogen.

Cited by 71 publications

References 10 publications

A Biogeochemical View of Estuarine Eutrophication: Seasonal and Spatial Trends and Correlations in the Delaware Estuary

A Biogeochemical View of Estuarine Eutrophication: Seasonal and Spatial Trends and Correlations in the Delaware Estuary

Modeling Nutrient Regeneration in the Ocean with an Aquarium System

N-remineralization of phyto- and bacterioplankton by the marine ciliate Euplotes vannus

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