“…Often, HTLs are also asked to work closely with principals in analyzing data and reporting on teachers' use of this data in their instructional plans (Cobb & McClain, 2006). Similarly, in small schools such as upstart charters (e.g., Grubb & Flessa, 2006), Catholic schools (e.g., Beltramo, 2014), and rural schools (e.g., Ewington et al, 2008), budget constraints paired with new instructional policies have forced principals to turn to classroom teachers to take on concurrent instructional leadership and/or management tasks in addition to their normal teaching duties.…”