The Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Revised Child version: Reliability and structural validity of the Polish adaptation

Skoczeń, Ilona; Głogowska, Karolina; Kamza, Anna; Włodarczyk, Anna

doi:10.1080/17405629.2017.1422719

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In both mother and father items, the scales for anxiety and avoidance showed good internal consistency. Also, consistent with prior work testing the factor structure of the ECR-RC (see Brenning et al, 2014; Skoczeń, Głogowska, Kamza, & Włodarczyk, 2018) as well as with the results of studies using the ECR and the ECR-R with adults (see Cameron, Finnegan, Morry, 2012 for an overview), a positive correlation between the two factors emerged in both age groups. Although this result is in contrast with the view of anxiety and avoidance as orthogonal (see Mikulincer, Shaver, Sapir-Lavid, & Avihou-Kanza, 2009), the latter assumption gained less empirical evidence in research even with the ECR (Cameron, Finnegan, & Morry, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

The brief Experiences in Close Relationships Scale - Revised Child version (ECR-RC): Factor structure and invariance across middle childhood and early adolescence

Marci

Moscardino

Altoè

2018

International Journal of Behavioral Development

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The recently developed short form of the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Revised Child version (ECR-RC) is a promising tool to assess anxious and avoidant attachment in children and adolescents. Yet, evidence concerning its validity in middle childhood is limited. This study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the 12-item ECR-RC for both mother and father forms in a sample of 448 Italian children (50.2% girls) aged between 8 and 13 years. The scale was adapted by changing the response format to make it more understandable for young children. Psychometric proprieties of the brief ECR-RC were investigated by testing its factor structure and internal consistency, invariance across middle childhood and early adolescence, and concurrent and convergent validity. A series of confirmatory factor analyses provided support for the two-factor structure (i.e., anxiety and avoidance) of the ECR-RC, and multi-group confirmatory factor analyses supported its invariance across middle childhood and early adolescence. Older children reported significantly higher latent mean values in avoidant attachment to both parents compared to their younger counterparts. Furthermore, the questionnaire showed evidence of concurrent and convergent validity. Our results indicate that the 12-item version of the ECR-RC is a psychometrically robust instrument to assess avoidance and anxiety toward mother and father among Italian children and early adolescents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

The brief Experiences in Close Relationships Scale - Revised Child version (ECR-RC): Factor structure and invariance across middle childhood and early adolescence

Marci

Moscardino

Altoè

2018

International Journal of Behavioral Development

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“…First, we performed a CFA on the two-and three-factor models and, focusing on the conceptual question of whether the third security factor in association with the two insecurity dimensions (i.e., anxiety and avoidance) may better explain attachment representations during middle childhood (see Lionetti et al, 2018;Younger et al, 2005), we compared fit indexes of the two-and three-factor models. Consistent with previous research testing the factor structure of the ECR-RC in children and adolescents (see Brenning et al, 2014;Marci et al, 2018b;Skoczeń et al, 2019) and the results of studies using the ECR and the ECR-R with adults (see Cameron et al, 2012, for an overview), we expected to find a medium-to-high positive correlation between the anxiety and avoidance dimensions. Furthermore, we anticipated to find a negative association between both insecurity dimensions and the security factor.…”

Section: Overview Of Current Studysupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Items were scrutinized for content and sentence formulation (e.g., unambiguous wording), and were subsequently selected based on their appropriateness in capturing one of the three dimensions (i.e., security, anxiety, and avoidance) also by taking the results of previous work on the factor structure of the two instruments into account (Brenning et al, 2011;Brenning et al, 2014;Marci et al, 2018aMarci et al, , 2018bSkoczeń et al, 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, studies using the ECR-RC have highlighted the presence of a third factor mirroring security (Lionetti et al, 2018;Skoczeń et al, 2019). In particular, the security factor comprised three of the six items originally pertaining to the avoidance subscale of the short ECR-RC (Lionetti et al, 2018), and 12 of the 36 items of the long ECR-RC (Skoczeń, et al, 2019). However, both solutions were not thrifty in terms of the number of items included in each subscale, and neither study tested the external validity of this factorial solution.…”

Section: Measuring Attachment In Middle Childhoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Psychometric Properties of a New Self-Report Questionnaire Measuring Attachment in School-Age Children: The Attachment in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (AMCQ)

et al. 2020

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Although conscious aspects of attachment representations can be effectively assessed in middle childhood, the few available self-reports are based on different operationalizations of attachment and do not always show adequate psychometric properties. The current study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Attachment in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (AMCQ). Using three independent samples of Italian children ( Mage = 10 years, 52% = girls), in three interrelated studies we (1) selected a pool of items from existing questionnaires, adapted them to the same response format, and subjected them to exploratory factor analysis; (2) performed confirmatory factor analyses on the retained items; and (3) used structural equation modeling to assess the factor structure, external validity, and invariance across gender and age groups. The final 15-item questionnaire comprised two dimensions (anxiety and avoidance) and a supplementary scale (security). Overall, results supported the reliability and validity of the AMCQ for Italian children.

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“…Good psychometric proprieties in terms of factor structure, internal consistency, and external validity have been evidenced in the few available studies with school-age children (e.g., Brenning et al, 2014). The psychometric properties of the Italian ECR-RC (Marci, Moscardino, & Altoè, 2019) are comparable to those found for the Belgian (see Brenning et al, 2014) and the Polish (Skoczen, Głogowska, Kamza, & Włodarczyk, 2019) versions. In this study, we focused on the mother form.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Using Harter and Likert Response Formats in Middle Childhood: A Comparison of Attachment Measures

et al. 2019

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Self-report questionnaires based on Harter’s response format (“Some kids . . . but other kids . . . ”) are commonly used in developmental and clinical research settings, but the reliability and validity of this format in middle childhood are still under debate. The current study aimed to test the psychometric proprieties of Harter versus Likert response formats as applied to two attachment questionnaires in a sample of 410 Italian children aged 8 to 10 years. Participants completed the Experiences in Close Relationships–Revised Child version ( n = 102, 4-point Likert-type scale; n = 104, adapted Harter version) and the Security Scale ( n = 95, Harter’s format; n = 109 adapted 4-point Likert version). Results of multigroup confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the two response formats exhibited comparable reliability and factorial validity, although a slight superiority of Harter’s format emerged for the Security Scale. External validity was supported for both answer formats. Implications for developmental theory and practice are discussed.

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The Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Revised Child version: Reliability and structural validity of the Polish adaptation

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

The brief Experiences in Close Relationships Scale - Revised Child version (ECR-RC): Factor structure and invariance across middle childhood and early adolescence

The brief Experiences in Close Relationships Scale - Revised Child version (ECR-RC): Factor structure and invariance across middle childhood and early adolescence

Development and Psychometric Properties of a New Self-Report Questionnaire Measuring Attachment in School-Age Children: The Attachment in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (AMCQ)

Using Harter and Likert Response Formats in Middle Childhood: A Comparison of Attachment Measures

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