The Experience of Emotion

Barrett, Lisa Feldman; Mesquita, Batja; Ochsner, Kevin N.; Gross, James J.

doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085709

Cited by 1,061 publications

(882 citation statements)

References 253 publications

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“…However, activations differed neither on the whole-brain level [even at low statistical thresholds (P ¼ 0.05)] nor in an ROI analysis of V1. Considering activations in the expectation and perception phases, we rather suggest that increased awareness of bodily sensations, thoughts and emotions before the emotional event [reflected in PFC activations in the expectation phase (compare Barrett et al, 2007)] influenced emotion generation such that emotional reactivity was dampened when the emotional stimulus appeared. Possibly, this represents the core mechanism of mindfulness and the way it allows for a detached, metacognitive experience of emotions (Arch and Craske, 2006).…”

Section: Did Mindfulness Attenuate Negative Emotions?mentioning

confidence: 90%

Mindfulness and emotion regulation—an fMRI study

Lutz

Herwig

Opialla

et al. 2013

Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci

242

165

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Mindfulness an attentive non-judgmental focus on present experiences is increasingly incorporated in psychotherapeutic treatments as a skill fostering emotion regulation. Neurobiological mechanisms of actively induced emotion regulation are associated with prefrontally mediated downregulation of, for instance, the amygdala. We were interested in neurobiological correlates of a short mindfulness instruction during emotional arousal. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated effects of a short mindfulness intervention during the cued expectation and perception of negative and potentially negative pictures (50% probability) in 24 healthy individuals compared to 22 controls. The mindfulness intervention was associated with increased activations in prefrontal regions during the expectation of negative and potentially negative pictures compared to controls. During the perception of negative stimuli, reduced activation was identified in regions involved in emotion processing (amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus). Prefrontal and right insular activations when expecting negative pictures correlated negatively with trait mindfulness, suggesting that more mindful individuals required less regulatory resources to attenuate emotional arousal. Our findings suggest emotion regulatory effects of a short mindfulness intervention on a neurobiological level.

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Section: Did Mindfulness Attenuate Negative Emotions?mentioning

confidence: 90%

Mindfulness and emotion regulation—an fMRI study

Lutz

Herwig

Opialla

et al. 2013

Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci

242

165

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Take the example of the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is the structure that many would point to as the main brain region involved in cognition and higher-order cognitive concepts like working memory and selection for action. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex also has valenced representations of taste and other hedonic stimuli, which could aid higher cognitive processes in guiding complex motivational and emotional behavior (Barrett et al 2007b;Davidson et al 2003;Wallis and Miller 2003).…”

Section: Cortical Cognition and Pleasurementioning

confidence: 99%

Affective neuroscience of pleasure: reward in humans and animals

2008

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Introduction Pleasure and reward are generated by brain circuits that are largely shared between humans and other animals. Discussion Here, we survey some fundamental topics regarding pleasure mechanisms and explicitly compare humans and animals. Conclusion Topics surveyed include liking, wanting, and learning components of reward; brain coding versus brain causing of reward; subjective pleasure versus objective hedonic reactions; roles of orbitofrontal cortex and related cortex regions; subcortical hedonic hotspots for pleasure generation; reappraisals of dopamine and pleasure-electrode controversies; and the relation of pleasure to happiness.

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“…Part of that genetic, we think that 30-40% of the differential risk for those who have PTSD and other fear-related disorders genetically mediated based on twin studies, we also know that a history of environmental stress and trauma can raise the stakes at the time of trauma exposure [12]. We know that how the learning event occurs, how many traumas one can differentially sensitize, the stress response and we also know that what happens in the aftermath of trauma [47].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In it the specimen, we have approached the hippocampus from a medial approach and we have taken away part of the temporal cortex here the lateral ventricle is right here and lying on the floor of the lateral ventricle is the hippocampus. It is unusual view of the hippocampus which shows the underside of its structure and exemplifies the increased surface area achieved through extensive folding here's the outflow from the hippocampus the fornix [10][11][12][13]. These fibers swing around the thalamus and come down here as the columns of the fornix just posterior to the anterior commissure; the columns of the fornix will project down to the mammillary bodies and the mammal economic track is going to connect the mammillary bodies with the anterior nucleus [4,13,14] and the dorsal medial nucleus of the thalamus from the thalamus the information travels to the limbic lobe [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Brain and Behavior – Hypothalamus and Limbic System: The Neurobiology of Emotions

Daisy

2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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It is intuitive to understand how sensory information gets to the brain and how motor information can travel to the muscles together where these two systems allow us to detect and respond to the world around us but how do we engage with that world, how do we determine what is important, and how do we fall in the analysis. These higher cortical functions involve the complex interplay between neurotransmitters and hormones throughout the entire nervous system. There are two major anatomical behaviors; the limbic system and hypothalamus. These structures that support much higher cortical functions hypothalamus is a very small structure but it is absolutely critical for life and it allows us to respond to both the internal and external environment and to maintain homeostasis. The limbic system is important for learning and memory, and all emotional aspects of behavior importantly limbic and hypothalamic structures are interconnected with each other. Let's begin with an anatomical overview of the hypothalamus in the middle section. You can delineate the hypothalamus from the thalamus through the hypothalamic sulcus anteriorly, the hypothalamus extends to the anterior commissure, and the optic chiasm inferiorly and it includes the mammillary bodies and extends to the infundibula stock where it communicates with the pituitary glands. It is a coronal section through the brain. It is the third ventricle, you can identify the thalamus on either side of the third ventricle and underneath; the thalamus is the hypothalamus and it extends laterally to these descending fiber bundles which are part of the internal capsule. The hypothalamus is structurally part of the diencephalon but it functions as part of the limbic system through reciprocal connections. It helps to maintain homeostasis in the entire body through influences on the endocrine system and importantly through its primary influence on both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems; the limbic system is extremely old from an evolutionary perspective in its connections and it is interposed between the hypothalamus and the neocortex and providing a bridge between endocrine visceral emotional and voluntary responses to the environment.

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The Experience of Emotion

Cited by 1,061 publications

References 253 publications

Mindfulness and emotion regulation—an fMRI study

Mindfulness and emotion regulation—an fMRI study

Affective neuroscience of pleasure: reward in humans and animals

Brain and Behavior – Hypothalamus and Limbic System: The Neurobiology of Emotions

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