The Experience of Disaster:

Norris, Fran H.; Wind, Leslie H.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511730030.003

Cited by 54 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Most measures of disaster exposure may be seen as proxies for the extent to which an individual experienced extremely stressful or traumatic events during the disaster such as life threat, injury, and witnessing of horrific events such as death of or harm to others (50). Consequently, disasters that are accompanied by a large death toll generally result in higher prevalence of psychopathology in the population because a large proportion of survivors has likely witnessed and personally experienced life-threatening and other traumatic events and may have lost loved ones (54). That the risk of developing mental health problems after disaster increases with the number of traumatic events experienced during the disaster likely explains the higher prevalence of psychopathology among those directly affected compared with rescue workers and others in the general population (many of whom may be indirectly affected or not affected at all).…”

Section: Peri-disaster Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Consequences of Disasters

Goldmann

Galea

2014

Annu. Rev. Public Health

831

824

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We present in this review the current state of disaster mental health research. In particular, we provide an overview of research on the presentation, burden, correlates, and treatment of mental disorders following disasters. We also describe challenges to studying the mental health consequences of disasters and discuss the limitations in current methodologies. Finally, we offer directions for future disaster mental health research.

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Section: Peri-disaster Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Consequences of Disasters

Goldmann

Galea

2014

Annu. Rev. Public Health

831

824

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“…For example, the mortality rate for the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was more than 280,000 with an estimated further 100,000 individuals displaced by the event (Norris & Wind, 2009). Disasters resulting in higher death tolls yield higher postdisaster psychological distress.…”

Section: Psychological Distress In Survivors Of Natural Disastersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure to a disaster is a complex phenomenon. They affect individuals directly through risk to their own life and individual loss and indirectly because of the shared community damage and the consequential economic, social, and governmental disruptions (Norris & Wind, 2009). Research has suggested that some disaster survivors experience trauma and psychological distress (Ursano, Fullerton, Weisaeth, & Raphael, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of EMDR in Reducing Psychological Distress in Survivors of Natural Disasters: A Review

Natha¹,

Daiches

2014

J EMDR Prac Res

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Natural disasters affect whole communities both at an individual level as well as economically and socially. However, the impact of natural disasters on an individual's mental health is substantial; yet, the response to one's mental health needs after a disaster is underdeveloped. Nevertheless, the Humanitarian Assistance Programme has attempted to address these needs by providing eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to natural disaster survivors. This systematic review provides evidence for the effectiveness and efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of psychological distress in survivors of natural disasters. Of the 8 studies reviewed, 4 were controlled trials and 1 study part-controlled. All the studies demonstrated statistical and clinical significance in reducing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, anxiety, depression, and other distress experienced by survivors of natural disasters. In addition, 4 of the 8 studies demonstrated clinical significance after just 1 session, presenting EMDR as resource-, time-, and cost-efficient intervention. Theoretical framework, adaptation in intervention, methodological issues, and quality assessment of studies are discussed. Implications for future research and clinical practice are also discussed.

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“…16 TSIG analysis looks at disaster survivors' exposures to empirically-documented risk factors for psychological distress and CMDs. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Consistent with the Disaster Ecology Model, [24][25][26] which provides the theory base for TSIG analysis, the assumption is that each disaster exposes the affected population to a novel constellation of hazards, losses, and life changes. Experiencing a disaster may be described as a potentially traumatizing exposure (PTE).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] According to Pietrzak et al, 7 for studies that have examined longitudinal data, symptoms and prevalence of CMDs tend to be higher in the early aftermath of a natural disaster and to decline over time, as confirmed on follow-up assessments. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Studies have documented differential constellations of CMD symptom elevations depending upon that nature of the disaster, prompting Pietrzak and colleagues 7 to recommend assessment of a spectrum of CMDs, not just PTSD and depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The trauma signature of 2016 Hurricane Matthew and the psychosocial impact on Haiti

et al. 2016

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Background. Hurricane Matthew was the most powerful tropical cyclone of the 2016 Atlantic Basin season, bringing severe impacts to multiple nations including direct landfalls in Cuba, Haiti, Bahamas, and the United States. However, Haiti experienced the greatest loss of life and population disruption.Methods. An established trauma signature (TSIG) methodology was used to examine the psychological consequences of Hurricane Matthew in relation to the distinguishing features of this event. TSIG analyses described the exposures of Haitian citizens to the unique constellation of hazards associated with this tropical cyclone. A hazard profile, a matrix of psychological stressors, and a "trauma signature" summary for the affected population of Haiti -in terms of exposures to hazard, loss, and change -were created specifically for this natural ecological disaster.Results. Hazard characteristics of this event included: deluging rains that triggered mudslides along steep, deforested terrain; battering hurricane winds (Category 4 winds in the "eye-wall" at landfall) that dismantled the built environment and launched projectile debris; flooding "storm surge" that moved ashore and submerged villages on the Tiburon peninsula; and pummeling wave action that destroyed infrastructure along the coastline. Many coastal residents were left defenseless to face the ravages of the storm. Hurricane Matthew's slow forward progress as it remained over super-heated ocean waters added to the duration and degree of the devastation. Added to the havoc of the storm itself, the risks for infectious disease spread, particularly in relation to ongoing epidemics of cholera and Zika, were exacerbated.Conclusions. Hurricane Matthew was a ferocious tropical cyclone whose meteorological characteristics amplified the system's destructive force during the storm's encounter with Haiti, leading to significant mortality, injury, and psychological trauma.

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The Experience of Disaster:

Cited by 54 publications

References 77 publications

Mental Health Consequences of Disasters

Mental Health Consequences of Disasters

The Effectiveness of EMDR in Reducing Psychological Distress in Survivors of Natural Disasters: A Review

The trauma signature of 2016 Hurricane Matthew and the psychosocial impact on Haiti

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