The Experience of Crowding in Primary and Secondary Environments

Stokols, Daniel

doi:10.1177/001391657600800104

Cited by 201 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Some research has, for example, considered how architectural characteristics of densely built urban residential areas can boost restorative quality (Lindal & Hartig, 2013). Beyond such specific issues, research in the area recognizes that people associate their home with personally important activities and find in the residential context many possibilities for satisfying basic psychological and social needs (e.g., Hartig, Johansson, & Kylin, 2003;Lawrence, 1987;Stokols, 1976).…”

Section: Residential Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Restorative Environment: A Complementary Concept for Salutogenesis Studies

Lindern

Lymeus

Hartig

2016

The Handbook of Salutogenesis

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Section: Residential Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Restorative Environment: A Complementary Concept for Salutogenesis Studies

Lindern

Lymeus

Hartig

2016

The Handbook of Salutogenesis

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“…The latter result can be explained by considering the differing experiences of crowding dependent on the private spacepublic space binomial pointed out in the numerous papers mentioned above. For instance, Stokols (1976) warned about this important difference in the experience of crowding in primary environments, like residential environments, where people are prone to having social encounters, as opposed to secondary environments characterized by transient, anonymous and discontinuous encounters, like the functional environments considered in this research, where people tend to put up barriers to avoid interacting with strangers. These results could likewise back the thesis of an emotional adjustment by the perceiver in keeping with the ideas put forward by the models for confronting stress in overcrowded conditions (Altman, 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valoración afectiva de ambientes residenciales y funcionales de alta y baja densidad

2016

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Título: Valoración afectiva de ambientes residenciales y funcionales de alta y baja densidad. Resumen: El presente trabajo contrasta ambientes residenciales versus funcionales de alta y baja densidad a través de la valoración del agrado y la activación que dichos ambientes elicitan. Así mismo se exploran las relaciones entre estas dimensiones afectivas y una medida de bienestar emocional y rasgos de personalidad. 238 estudiantes universitarios valoraron el nivel de agrado y activación elicitado por una serie de imágenes que representaban ambientes residenciales y funcionales de alta y baja densidad. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que, independientemente de la densidad, los ambientes residenciales generan sentimientos más agradables que los espacios funcionales; no obstante, y en relación con la activación, los sentimientos generados por ambientes residenciales y funcionales, varían en función de la densidad. Se concluye que los ambientes residenciales se constituyen en entornos más adaptativos en términos de bienestar emocional. Palabras clave: Ambiente residencial; ambiente funcional; agrado; activación; densidad.Abstract: This paper contrasts high and low-density residential and functional environments through an assessment of the pleasure and arousal said environments elicit. The relationships between these affective dimensions and a measure of emotional well-being and personality traits are also explored. Two hundred thirty-eight university students assessed the degree of pleasure and arousal elicited by a series of images depicting high and lowdensity residential and functional environments. The findings clearly reveal that residential environments produce more pleasurable feelings than functional spaces, regardless of their density. However, as regards arousal, the feelings produced by residential and functional environments vary on depending on their density. It concludes that residential environments are more adaptable environments in terms of emotional well-being.

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“…One basic typology concerned how population density could be modified in a specific location. 26 It is possible to increase density by increasing the number of people without changing the amount of space they occupy. This has usually been referred to as social density.…”

Section: Contributions Of Environmental Psychologistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Housing and Health: Beyond Disciplinary Confinement

Lawrence

2006

J Urban Health

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There is a need for innovative research on housing and health. In contrast to traditional disciplinary studies, which are sector-based, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary contributions offer a broader approach. Interdisciplinary approaches highlight the difference between a biomedical model that often adopts a symptom-treatment interpretation of housing and health and a holistic or integrated model that combines biological, cultural, economic, political, psychological and social factors in a new way. This article illustrates the pertinence of interdisciplinary contributions to develop a more holistic understanding of housing density and how it can be interpreted to understand the complex relationship between housing conditions and health status.

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The Experience of Crowding in Primary and Secondary Environments

Cited by 201 publications

References 50 publications

The Restorative Environment: A Complementary Concept for Salutogenesis Studies

The Restorative Environment: A Complementary Concept for Salutogenesis Studies

Valoración afectiva de ambientes residenciales y funcionales de alta y baja densidad

Housing and Health: Beyond Disciplinary Confinement

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