The Expansions of Farming Societies and the Role of the Neolithic Demographic Transition

Bellwood, Peter; Oxenham, Marc

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8539-0_2

Cited by 78 publications

(66 citation statements)

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“…It has been suggested that cultivation increased calorie availability which, combined with a reduction in energy expenditure resulting from sedentarization, led to increased energy availability for reproduction (8)(9)(10). As a result, although exact estimates vary, it has been argued that average population growth rates rose from <0.001% to ∼0.04% per year during the early Neolithic (6,8,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Reproductive trade-offs in extant hunter-gatherers suggest adaptive mechanism for the Neolithic expansion

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Dyble

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

110

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The Neolithic demographic transition remains a paradox, because it is associated with both higher rates of population growth and increased morbidity and mortality rates. Here we reconcile the conflicting evidence by proposing that the spread of agriculture involved a life history quality-quantity trade-off whereby mothers traded offspring survival for increased fertility, achieving greater reproductive success despite deteriorating health. We test this hypothesis by investigating fertility, mortality, health, and overall reproductive success in Agta hunter-gatherers whose camps exhibit variable levels of sedentarization, mobility, and involvement in agricultural activities. We conducted blood composition tests in 345 Agta and found that viral and helminthic infections as well as child mortality rates were significantly increased with sedentarization. Nonetheless, both age-controlled fertility and overall reproductive success were positively affected by sedentarization and participation in cultivation. Thus, we provide the first empirical evidence, to our knowledge, of an adaptive mechanism in foragers that reconciles the decline in health and child survival with the observed demographic expansion during the Neolithic.quality-quantity trade-off | epidemiological transition | hunter-gatherers | Neolithic revolution | Neolithic demographic transition

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive trade-offs in extant hunter-gatherers suggest adaptive mechanism for the Neolithic expansion

Page

Viguier

Dyble

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

110

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“…Proponents of this view disagree on whether the major site of Khok Phanom Di in south-central Thailand represents complex maritime foragers, comparable to the Da But sites in North Vietnam (Higham this issue), or the early expansion of mainland Southeast Asian farmers (Bellwood and Oxenham 2008). Archaeological evidence for the spread of agriculture associated with the expansion of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of Austronesian, from the Taiwan region into Indo-Malaysia, is ambiguous (Bellwood 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Craniodental Affinities of Southeast Asia's “Negritos” and the Concordance with Their Genetic Affinities

Bulbeck¹

2013

Human Biology

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Genetic research into Southeast Asia's "negritos" has revealed their deep-rooted ancestry, with time depth comparable to that of Southwest Pacific populations. This finding is often interpreted as evidence that negritos, in contrast to other Southeast Asians, can trace much of their ancestry directly back to the early dispersal of Homo sapiens in the order of 70 kya from Africa to Pleistocene New Guinea and Australia. One view on negritos is to lump them and Southwest Pacific peoples into an "Australoid" race whose geographic distribution had included Southeast Asia prior to the Neolithic incursion of "Mongoloid" farmers. Studies into Semang osteology have revealed some hints of Southwest Pacific affinities in cranial shape, dental morphology, and dental metrical "shape." On the other hand, the Andamanese have been shown to resemble Africans in their craniometrics and South Asians in their dental morphology, while Philippine negritos resemble Mongoloid Southeast Asians in these respects and also in their dental metrics. This study expands the scope of negrito cranial comparisons by including Melayu Malays and additional coverage of South Asians. It highlights the distinction between the Mongoloid-like Philippine negritos and the Andamanese and Semang (and Senoi of Malaya) with their non-Mongoloid associations. It proposes that the early/midHolocene dispersal of the B4a1a mitochondrial DNA clade across Borneo, the Philippines, and Taiwan may be important for understanding the distinction between Philippine and other negritos.

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“…On that basis, the MSEA Neolithic is thought to have commenced in the late third to early second millennium BC. There are two models for the development of Neolithic occupation in the region (Bellwood and Oxenham 2008;Higham 2011a: 1): the first is an expansionist model whereby farmers from the north moved into areas occupied by indigenous hunter-gatherers; the second prioritises the ability of indigenous groups to adopt cultivated subsistence and technological traits as Neolithic farmers entered the region.…”

Section: Neolithic Occupation In Mseamentioning

confidence: 99%

New Perspectives in Southeast Asian and Pacific Prehistory

Pawley¹

2017

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terra australis 45Terra Australis reports the results of archaeological and related research within the south and east of Asia, though mainly Australia, New Guinea and island Melanesia -lands that remained terra australis incognita to generations of prehistorians. Its subject is the settlement of the diverse environments in this isolated quarter of the globe by peoples who have maintained their discrete and traditional ways of life into the recent recorded or remembered past and at times into the observable present. Copyright of the text remains with the authors, 2017. This book is copyright in all countries subscribing to the Berne convention. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Inquiries should be made to the publisher. List of volumes in Terra Australis Karina ArifinFakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya, Departemen Arkeologi, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia Robert BlustDepartment of Linguistics, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, USA David BulbeckDepartment of Archaeology and Natural History, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Judith CameronDepartment of Archaeology and Natural History, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Zhang ChiSchool of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing, China Gang HeThe Cultural Relics and Archeological Research Institution in Hunan Province, China Helen HeathDepartment of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Otago, North Dunedin, New Zealand Charles HighamDepartment of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Otago, North Dunedin, New Zealand Mark J. HudsonMt Fuji World Heritage Centre for Mountain Research, Shizuoka, Japan Museum of Natural and Environmental History, Shizuoka, Japan Hsiao-chun HungDepartment of Archaeology and Natural History, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Michiko IntohDepartment of Social Research, National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, Japan Timothy A. JinamDivision of Population Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan Hideaki Kanzawa-KiriyamaDepartment of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan Nguyen Kim DungThe Vietnamese Institute of Archaeology, Hanoi, Vietnam Nguyen Lan CuongThe Vietnamese Institute of Archaeology, Hanoi, Vietnam Tracey L.-D. LuDepartment of Anthropology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Hirofumi MatsumuraFaculty of Health Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan Armand Salvador MijaresArchaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines Carmen SarjeantSchool of Archaeology and Anthropology, College of Arts and Social Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Ken-ichi ShinodaDepartment of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan Tr...

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The Expansions of Farming Societies and the Role of the Neolithic Demographic Transition

Cited by 78 publications

References 38 publications

Reproductive trade-offs in extant hunter-gatherers suggest adaptive mechanism for the Neolithic expansion

Reproductive trade-offs in extant hunter-gatherers suggest adaptive mechanism for the Neolithic expansion

Craniodental Affinities of Southeast Asia's “Negritos” and the Concordance with Their Genetic Affinities

New Perspectives in Southeast Asian and Pacific Prehistory

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