The Expansion of Steppe Culture During the Second Millennium B.C.

Yang, Jian; Shao, Hongbo; Pan, Ling

doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9155-3_2

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…The ST phenomenon refers to the sudden appearance of a very similar suite of bronze artifacts manufactured with advanced casting techniques that spread rapidly (in a century or so) into many cultures spanning a vast region of Northern Eurasia, from China to the Baltic Sea. Archaeologists credit this trans-cultural phenomenon [61][62][63][64][65][66][67] for the introduction of metallurgy into Eastern Eurasia and the dissemination of advanced casting methods for tin bronze into Europe 65,68 . ST items are noted for their technological sophistication and aesthetic refinement (Fig 4C ); most are weapons, but some are striking objects of probably ritual or religious significance.…”

Section: Yakutia_lnba Ancestry Is a Tracer-dye For Prehistoric Mobili...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is little agreement among archaeologists about the social processes that drove the sudden spread of ST artifacts across such a wide range of cultures 65,63,66,67,78,64 . The extreme genetic diversity and heterogeneity of ST necropolises in our sample is at the very least inconsistent with a concept of a single, homogeneous ST "people" (as proposed in e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Postglacial genomes from foragers across Northern Eurasia reveal prehistoric mobility associated with the spread of the Uralic and Yeniseian languages

Zeng,

Vyazov,

Kim

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The North Eurasian forest and forest-steppe zones have sustained millennia of sociocultural connections among northern peoples. We present genome-wide ancient DNA data for 181 individuals from this region spanning the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age. We find that Early to Mid-Holocene hunter-gatherer populations from across the southern forest and forest-steppes of Northern Eurasia can be characterized by a continuous gradient of ancestry that remained stable for millennia, ranging from fully West Eurasian in the Baltic region to fully East Asian in the Transbaikal region. In contrast, cotemporaneous groups in far Northeast Siberia were genetically distinct, retaining high levels of continuity from a population that was the primary source of ancestry for Native Americans. By the mid-Holocene, admixture between this early Northeastern Siberian population and groups from Inland East Asia and the Amur River Basin produced two distinctive populations in eastern Siberia that played an important role in the genetic formation of later people. Ancestry from the first population, Cis-Baikal Late Neolithic–Bronze Age (Cisbaikal_LNBA), is found substantially only among Yeniseian-speaking groups and those known to have admixed with them. Ancestry from the second, Yakutian Late Neolithic–Bronze Age (Yakutia_LNBA), is strongly associated with present-day Uralic speakers. We show how Yakutia_LNBA ancestry spread from an east Siberian origin ∼4.5kya, along with subclades of Y-chromosome haplogroup N occurring at high frequencies among present-day Uralic speakers, into Western and Central Siberia in communities associated with Seima-Turbino metallurgy: a suite of advanced bronze casting techniques that spread explosively across an enormous region of Northern Eurasia ∼4.0kya. However, the ancestry of the 16 Seima-Turbino-period individuals—the first reported from sites with this metallurgy—was otherwise extraordinarily diverse, with partial descent from Indo-Iranian-speaking pastoralists and multiple hunter-gatherer populations from widely separated regions of Eurasia. Our results provide support for theories suggesting that early Uralic speakers at the beginning of their westward dispersal where involved in the expansion of Seima-Turbino metallurgical traditions, and suggests that both cultural transmission and migration were important in the spread of Seima-Turbino material culture.

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