The expansion of chikungunya in Brazil

Almeida, Iasmim Ferreira de; Codeço, Cláudia Torres; Lana, Raquel Martins; Bastos, Leonardo Soares; Oliveira, Sara de Souza; Ferreira, Danielle Andreza da Cruz; Godinho, Vinicius B.; Riback, Thaís Irene Souza; Cruz, Oswaldo Gonçalves; Coelho, Flávio Codeço

doi:10.1016/j.lana.2023.100571

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…New tools and techniques for case surveillance, vector monitoring and improved laboratory testing techniques for quick response in arbovirus surveillance to avoid fresh outbreaks or to minimise the number of critical cases are necessary. 40 For effective surveillance, it is required to adopt a multidisciplinary approach and integrate them. A seamless and effective risk mitigation communication by timely informing the public about these arboviral diseases and encourage them to adhere to prevention and control measures are essential to ensure a healthy wellbeing.…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global health concern on the rising dengue and chikungunya cases in the American regions: Countermeasures and preparedness

Mohapatra,

Bhattacharjee,

Desai

et al. 2024

Health Science Reports

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Background and AimSevere morbidity and mortality due to seasonal infectious diseases are common global public health issues. Vector‐borne viral illnesses like dengue and chikungunya overload the healthcare systems leading to critical financial burden to manage them. There is no effective drug or vaccine currently available to control these two diseases.MethodsThe review was formulated by incorporating relevant reports on chikungunya and dengue in the Americas regions through a comprehensive search of literature that were available on dedicated scientific publication portals such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science.ResultsThe strategies of public health administrations to control largely the mosquito vectors during tropical monsoon seem to be effective. Yet, it seems practically impossible to completely eliminate them. The mosquito vector disseminates the virus via transovarian route thereby internalising the virus through generations, a reason behind reappearing and recurring outbreaks. The numerous factors associated with industrialisation, urbanisation, population density, and easy transboundary movements appear to have contributed to the spread of vectors from an endemic region to elsewhere.ConclusionThe article made a state‐of‐affair comprehensive analysis of the rising dengue and chikungunya cases in the tropics, particularly the tropical Americas, as a human health concern, the countermeasures undertaken and the overall preparedness. The viral transmission is a hard situation to tackle as the vector survives in diverse temperature and ecology, is resistant to insecticides, and the unavailability of drugs. Better vector‐control measures and improved understanding of the reemerging arboviral infections could offer an extended reaction time to counter outbreaks, and minimise associated morbidity/mortality.

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Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global health concern on the rising dengue and chikungunya cases in the American regions: Countermeasures and preparedness

Mohapatra,

Bhattacharjee,

Desai

et al. 2024

Health Science Reports

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“…The first CHIKV outbreaks in Brazil occurred in the states of Amapá and Bahia in 2014 and within one year all other states in Brazil had confirmed cases [4]. Since then, over 3.6 million cases have been reported in Brazil [5]. Because of concurrent outbreaks of CHIKV, dengue (DENV), and Zika (ZIKV), health surveillance systems in Brazil are frequently overwhelmed and there is difficulty measuring the true burden of CHIKV [6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deprived urban communities, or informal settlements, in Northeast Brazil are transmission hotspots for CHIKV and other arboviruses [5] and are characterised by high population density, high temperatures and flooding risk, water shortages, and socioeconomic vulnerability [5]. Structural deficiencies, such as the inadequate provision of drainage and sanitation systems, a lack of regular trash collection and inconsistent water supply, are common.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topography and environmental deficiencies are associated with chikungunya virus exposure in urban informal settlements in Brazil

Travis,

Argibay,

Pellizzaro

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arbovirus with a significant global public health burden. Delineating the specific contributions of individual behaviour, household structure and the natural and built environment to CHIKV transmission is important for mitigating risk but challenging in urban informal settlements due to their heterogeneous environments. The aim of this study was to quantify variation in CHIKV seroprevalence between and within four urban communities in a large Brazilian city, and identify the respective contributions of individual, household and environmental factors for seropositivity. Methodology/Principal Findings A cross-sectional serological survey was conducted in four low-income communities in Salvador, Brazil in 2018 to collect individual, household and CHIKV IgG serology data for 1217 participants. Fine-scale community mapping of high-risk environmental features and remotely sensed environmental data were used to improve characterisation of the microenvironment close to the household. We categorised risk factors into three dimensions - individual, household, and environmental and used binomial mixed-effect models to identify associations with CHIKV seropositivity. CHIKV seroprevalence was 4.8%, 6.1% and 4.3% in three communities and 22.6% in one community which had a distinct topographical profile. The only individual dimension variable associated with seropositivity was male sex (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.11 - 2.36), but several environmental variables, including living in a house on a steep hillside, at medium to high elevations, and with surface water nearby, were associated with higher seropositivity. Conclusions/Significance Our findings indicate that CHIKV exposure risk can vary significantly between nearby communities and at fine spatial scales within communities, and is likely to be driven more strongly by the availability of mosquito breeding sites rather than human exposure patterns. They suggest that environmental deficiencies and topography, a proxy for several environmental processes including the degree of urbanisation and flooding risk, may play an important role in driving risk at both of these scales.

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“…In 2014, CHIKV was first reported in the northern region of Brazil, along the border with French Guiana. Since its introduction, CHIKV, while less prevalent than dengue, has had a significant impact on public health as it spread throughout the country [ 8 ] [ 9 ]. Until 2017, the most prevalent Brazilian region was the Northeast, but since then, many cases have arisen, mainly in the Southeast region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Dengue and Chikungunya Coinfection in Endemic Area in Brazil: Clinical Presentation and Implications for Public Health

Torres,

Roque,

Policastro

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Dengue virus (DENV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) pose significant public health threats in Brazil, where favorable conditions facilitated the proliferation of Aedes mosquitoes. Since the mid-1980s, Brazil has experienced annual outbreaks of DENV, with recent increases in confirmed cases. In addition, CHIKV, which was first reported in 2014, has spread across the country. The concurrent presence of these viruses has triggered public health alerts in endemic regions, underscoring the complexity of managing vector-borne diseases. Case Presentation: This report details a case of simultaneous DENV and CHIKV infections. A 77-year-old female patient who has diabetes and arrhythmia exhibited symptoms including fever, myalgia, and severe arthralgia. Laboratory tests confirmed the coinfection through RNA detection. The patient received supportive care, showed gradual improvement, and was eventually discharged. Conclusions Coinfection with DENV and CHIKV cases reported here developed with mild outcomes. However, one of the patients did not recover from the arthralgia after presenting diagnostic challenges, which underscores the need for accurate differentiation to manage symptoms effectively. The reported cases, amidst increasing DENV outbreaks, highlight the urgency for preparedness in the healthcare system. The Ribeirão Preto region's endemicity for DENV, coupled with the rising incidence of CHIKV, emphasizes the evolving landscape of arbovirus transmission. Studies on Aedes mosquitoes suggest potential implications for human infection dynamics, warranting further investigation into arbovirus transmission efficacy and coinfection dynamics.

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The expansion of chikungunya in Brazil

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Global health concern on the rising dengue and chikungunya cases in the American regions: Countermeasures and preparedness

Global health concern on the rising dengue and chikungunya cases in the American regions: Countermeasures and preparedness

Topography and environmental deficiencies are associated with chikungunya virus exposure in urban informal settlements in Brazil

Simultaneous Dengue and Chikungunya Coinfection in Endemic Area in Brazil: Clinical Presentation and Implications for Public Health

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